2017-11-01
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When the subordinate clause is introduced by the conjunction so that the Future Indefinite or the modal verb can are used in it if the predicate of the principal clause is in a Present Tense; the Future Indefinite in the Past or the modal verb could are used if the predicate of the principal clause is in a Past Tense.
I’m buying plenty of coal so that the house will be warm.
He left the key under a stone so that she could get to the house whenever she wanted.
The use of the modal verbs " shall", "should", "may/might " in the clauses introduced by the conjunctions "that", "so that", "in order that" makes the utterance more formal.
The supply is rationed so that everyone may have a share.
Though adverbial clauses of purpose with the predicate in the negative form are used, it is preferable to use gerundial or infinitive phrases or constructions.
He often changes his address so that the enemies won't find him.
He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized.
When the principal clause denotes an action which is a precaution against possible future events denoted in the subordinate clause, conjunctions in case, lest are used. In the subordinate clause introduced by the conjunction in case the Present Indefinite, the Past Indefinite, or the analytical form of the Subjunctive Mood with the auxiliary should + Indefinite Infinitive may be used. In the subordinate clause introduced by the conjunction lest the form of the Subjunctive Mood with the auxiliary should + Indefinite Infinitive is used irrespective of the tense form of the predicate in the principal clause.
I’ll leave out some cold meat in case you are hungry when you come in.
He took a torch in case it got dark before he returned. She doesn't let him leave the train lest he should get lost.
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Adverbial Clauses of Condition
Adverbial clauses of condition state the condition which is necessary for the realization of the action expressed in the principal clause. They are introduced by the conjunctions if, unless (если не), suppose, in case (в случае если), on condition that, provided (при условии что), etc.
If he is not here by the end of the week, I shall go after him (Austen)
You won’t master the language unless you work hard.
Adverbial clauses of condition can be joined to the principal clause asyndetically. In this case we find inversion in the subordinate clause.
...should Frank marry to-morrow, I shall have no ground for blaming him (Trollope)
Adverbial Clauses of Concession
An adverbial clause of concession denotes the presence of some obstacle which nevertheless does not hinder the action expressed in the principal clause.
Adverbial clauses of concession are introduced by the following conjunctions: though, although, as, no matter how, however, whoever, whatever, whichever. In official style they may also be introduced by the conjunctions notwithstanding that, in spite of the fact that.
I enjoyed that day, though we travelled slowly, though it was cold, though it rained (Ch. Bronte)
If the subordinate clause of concession expresses a pure supposition, the forms of the Subjunctive Mood with the modal verb may/might are used in it.
However rich one may be there is always something one wants.
When the subordinate clause of concession is introduced by even if the modal verb should may be used to show that the action expressed by the infinitive of the notional verb is unlikely to happen.
Even if he should find out he won't do anything about it.
