2013-12-31
799
ВАРИАНТ 2.
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1. Cultivation of cells in artificial media in aseptic conditions:
a) in vitro
b) in vivo
c) callus
d) explant
e) in situ
2. Particular type of tissue, representative accumulation of undifferentiated cells:
a) callus
b) explant
c) regenerate
d) clon
e) locus
3. Reduction cells division:
a) meiosis
b) mitosis
c) kinesis
d) telophase
e) amitosis
4. Division of somatic cells:
a) mitosis
b) amitosis
c) meiosis
d) transcription
e) interphase
5. Interconnection of organs with each other:
a) correlation
b) competence
c) determinative
d) cryoprotection
e) sublimation
6. Property of a vegetative cell to realise the genetic information:
a) totipotency
b) differentiation
c) regeneration
d) complementarity
e) induction
7. Aseptic received plant with the developed roots and the runaways, generated in culture, that is in vitro:
a) regenerant
b) explant
c) intron
d) embryoid
e) metabolite
8. G.Gaberlandt formulate cells principles in:
a) 1902 y.
b) 1899 y.
c) 1914 y.
d) 1907 y.
e) 1900 y.
9. The hypothesis of totypotency has been put forward by:
a) G.Gaberlandt
b) K.Rehinger
c) V.Robbins
d) E.Davidson
e) F.White
10. Who was first from the scientists who begin to grow isolated parts and organs of plants?
a) K.Rehinger
b) G.Gaberlandt
c) Т.Murasige
d) F.Skug
e) F.White
11. Principles of cells’ cultivation clear formulated by:
a) G.Gaberlandt
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbinson
d) Т.Murasige
e) F.White
12. Nutrient medium, which was used by G.Gaberlandt in experiments:
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a) Knop
b) White
c) Gamborg
d) Hogland
e) Sniders
13. R.Rehinger tried to grow buds, cuts of the roots on:
a) moistured sand
b) agar medium
c) liquid medium
d) different media
e) firm surface
14. Growing of isolated parts and organs of plants first began by:
a) German scientists
b) alchemists
c) Russian scientists
d) scientists from different countries
e) English scientists
15. R.Harrison has grew in lymphatic liquid:
a) frog’s neuroblast
b) callus tissue
c) potato’s cells
d) cell’s embryoid
e) frog’s lymphoblast
16. Achievements of which scientist related to cambial tissues of willow and carrot:
a) F.White
b) E.Davidson
c) V.Robbins
d) V.Kotte
e) G.Gaberlandt
17. Scientist, which has supported continuous long-term culture of roots’ tips for 30 years:
a) R.Gotre
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbins
d) Т.Murasige
e) D.Wotson
18. Scientist with collaborators, which have investigated growth of buds on pieces of tobacco steams:
a) F.Skug
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbins
d) Т.Murasige
e) D.Wotson
19. Substances, stimulating cellular division:
a) cytokinines
b) auxins
c) vitamins
d) macroelements
e) microelements
20. Widely used nutrient medium, which was created in 1962 y:
a) Murasige-Skug
b) White
c) Shenk-Hil’debrandt
d) Nich and Nich
e) Gamborg-Evelang
21. Growth stimulating substance:
a) kinetin
b) mesoinosit
c) vitamin
d) bichromate
e) carbogel
22. Culture, cultivated in liquid medium:
a) suspension
b) tumor
c) callus
d) clonal
e) somatic
23. Since which year begin to cultivate plants’ cells in Soviet Union?
a) 1944
b) 1930
c) 1980
d) 1934
e) 1994
24. Since which year begin to cultivate cells in Kazakhstan?
a) 1975
b) 1955
c) 1995
d) 2001
e) 1948
25. Who is founder of biotechnology in Kazakhstan?
a) M.Aithozhin
b) G.Ualihanov
c) S.Columbaev
d) А.Udel’skaya
e) Zh.Zhardemaliev
26. Tissue, cultivated in “in vitro” conditions:
a) callus
b) strain
c) suspension
d) explant
e) intron
27. Plant, received from cell culture:
a) regenerate
b) explant
c) totypotent
d) strain
e) sort
28. Basic components of nutrient medium vitamins of:
a) group В
b) group А
c) group D
d) nicotinic acid
e) folic acid
29. Components of nutrient medium, assisting in regulation of plants physiological processes:
a) phytohormones
b) carbohydrates
c) iron helate
d) pectin
e) gelatin
30. For normal growth and progress of plants it is necessary such level of pH:
a) 5-6
b) 4-5
c) 6-8
d) 2-4
e) 9-12
31. For preparation of firm nutrient media necessary:
a) agar
b) potassium
c) phytohormone
d) auxin
e) carbonate
32. Optimal temperature for cultivation of plants’ cells:
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a) 25-32 оС
b) 38-40 оС
c) 15-25 оС
d) 5-10 оС
e) 45-65 оС
33. External factors, influencing on process of cells cultivation:
a) light
b) heat
c) cool
d) darkness
e) gas
34. Cell, deprived of cell wall:
a) protoplast
b) leucoplast
c) chromoplast
d) liposome
e) lysosome
35. Fragment of plant or piece of the tissue:
a) explant
b) callus
c) passage
d) suspension
e) protoplast
36. Cell’s specialization:
a) differentiation
b) redifferentiation
c) dedifferentiation
d) regeneration
e) transpiration
37. Transition of specialized cells to proliferation:
a) differentiation
b) differentiation
c) translation
d) regeneration
e) transpiration
38. Transition of transplantation of callus in nutrient medium:
a) passage
b) transformation
c) inoculum
d) proliferation
e) fermentation
39. Part of suspension culture, used for passaging on fresh nutrient medium:
a) inoculum
b) passage
c) proliferation
d) maceration
e) cristalization
40. Nutrient media for cultivation of cells and tissues of plants are media:
a) multicomponent
b) single-component
c) natural
d) two-component
e) organic
41. Source of carbohydrates in media are:
a) sucrose
b) ribose
c) deoxyribose
d) galactose
e) tetrose
42. New formation of cells and tissues by reproduction of legacy cells and tissues:
a) proliferation
b) differentiation
c) correlation
d) meiosis
e) degradation
43. Process of formation of callus called:
a) callus formation
b) histogenesis
c) rhyzogenesis
d) gemmogenesis
e) cytocinesis
44. Complex of processes, leading to distinction between maternal and filial cells, and also between filial cells:
a) differentiation
b) redifferentiation
c) dedifferentiation
d) regeneration
e) transpiration
45. Special type of tissue, formed on whole plant in result of its wound:
a) callus
b) meristem
c) apex
d) cambium
e) parenchyma
46. Aggregate of reactions connected to transcription and translation:
a) processing
b) biosynthesis
c) correlation
d) dissimilation
e) assimilation
47. Since which period begin interphase period:
a) G1
b) S
c) G2
d) G0
e) R1
48. Acquisition by cell conditions of readiness to realization of defined hereditary properties:
a) determination
b) complementarity
c) differentiation
d) proliferation
e) variability
49. Ability of cell to perceive inductive influence and to react specific on it by changing of development:
a) competence
b) callus formation
c) mytosis
d) meiosis
e) translation
50. The basic of structure of biological membranes are performed by:
a) bilayer of phospholipids
b) amino acids
c) triple layer of proteins
d) bilayer of carbohydrates
e) double helix of DNA
51. Which two periods make up life-cycle of cell?
a) interphase and mitotic
b) anaphase and telophase
c) interphase and anaphase
d) telophase and interphase
e) prophase and mitotic
52. At meiosis of cell first occurs:
a) division of nucleus
b) division of cytoplasm
c) formation of partition
d) division of ribosome
e) division of mitochondrion
53. The longest phase of mitosis is:
a) prophase
b) telophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) all phases take the same time
54. The shortest phase of mitosis is:
a) anaphase
b) telophase
c) metaphase
d) prophase
e) all phases take the same time
55. Which ions are necessary for existence of cells?
a) of sodium and potassium
b) of calcium and sodium
c) of magnesium and potassium
d) of magnesium and sodium
e) of calcium and magnesium
56. Living cells are systems:
a) open
b) closed
c) circled
d) isolated
e) half-opened
57. Amino acids in protein molecule connected between each other by which kind of connection:
a) peptide
b) hydrogen
c) ionic
d) covalent
e) disulphide
58. Indicate peptide bond:
a) -СОNH-
b) -COOH-
c) -NH2
d) -CH-
e) - CH2OH –
59. Basic structure units of protein are:
a) amino acids
b) fat acids and glycerine
c) glucose and fructose
d) dicarboxylic acids
e) nucleosides
60. Sedimentation of particles under power of gravity:
a) sedimentation
b) sensabilization
c) flocculation
d) coagulation
e) osmosis
61. 6-furfurilaminopurine:
a) cynetin
b) zeatine
c) auxin
d) glycine
e) pyroxene
62. Number of phases of growing of callus tissues:
a) 6
b) 4
c) 7
d) 2
e) 9
63. First phase of growing of callus cells:
a) latent
b) logarithmic
c) stationary
d) dead
e) linear
64. Third phase of growing of callus cells:
a) linear
b) logarithmic
c) stationary
d) dead
e) latent
65. Fifth phase of growing of callus cells:
a) stationary
b) logarithmic
c) linear
d) dead
e) latent
66. Exponential phase called another:
a) logarithmic
b) linear
c) stationary
d) dead
e) latent
67. Process of organs, tissues and cells formation:
a) morphogenesis
b) parthenogenesis
c) embryogenesis
d) rhyzogenesis
e) gemmogenesis
68. Increasing the number of genes in genome:
a) amplification
b) replification
c) differentiation
d) callus
e) mitosis
69. Part of DNA molecule:
a) gene
b) locus
c) chromosome
d) lysosome
e) protein
70. Gene collection:
a) gen
b) phenotype
c) chromosome
d) site
e) diploid
71. Formation tissue:
a) meristem
b) parenchyme
c) callus
d) root
e) bud
72. High ratio auxin/cytokinin causes:
a) rhyzogenesis
b) gemmogenesis
c) histogenesis
d) cytogenesis
e) callus genesis
73. Low ratio auxin/cytokinin conducive to:
a) gemmogenesis
b) rhyzogenesis
c) histogenesis
d) cytogenesis
e) callus genesis
74. Formative tissue, forming others:
a) meristem
b) embryoid
c) parenchyma
d) callus
e) proliferation
75. Formation of germ-like structures:
a) embryoidogenesis
b) rhyzophilogenesis
c) gemmogenesis
d) phylogenesis
e) ontogenesis
76. As a result of morphogenesis formed:
a) regenerant
b) callus
c) strain
d) explant
e) embryoid
77. Types of plants, took in space by Kazakhstan cosmonauts:
a) wheat
b) melon
c) potato
d) nightshade
e) carrot
78. With cells of which plant cosmonauts made experiments:
a) corn
b) oats
c) apricot
d) potato
e) tomato
79. First stage of clonal reproduction:
a) bringing of explants in culture
b) reproduction in fact
c) establishment of duplicated bines
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d) planting of plants in soil
e) cells cultivation
80. Plant, receiving by asexual, i.e. vegetative reproduction:
a) clone
b) callus
c) regenerant
d) explant
e) animal unit
81. Asexual reproduction in culture of cells and tissues, at which arising plants genetically identical to initial sample:
a) clonal
b) amitotic
c) mitotic
d) meiotic
e) budding
82. Forth stage of clonal reproduction:
a) planting of plants in soil
b) introduction of explants in culture
c) rooting of duplicated bines
d) reproduction
e) cells cultivation
83. Form of variety of gene:
a) allele
b) albinism
c) beccross
d) locus
e) site
84. Spare buds:
a) adventive
b) haploid
c) diploid
d) procariotic
e) apex
85. Loosing of pigment by organism:
a) albinism
b) beccross
c) vector
d) colorblindness
e) destruction
86. Induction of haploids in culture of male and female gametophyte called:
a) androgenesis
b) gemmogenesis
c) rhyzogenesis
d) gynogenesis
e) organogenesis
87. Induction of haploids in culture of female gametophyte called:
a) gynogenesis
b) gemmogenesis
c) rhyzogenesis
d) androgenesis
e) organogenesis
88. False fertilization, at which embryo developed from unfertilized ovule:
a) pseudogamy
b) monogamy
c) polygami
d) androgenesis
e) gynogenesis
89. Formation of haploid plants from embryoids called:
a) direct androgenesis
b) indirect androgenesis
c) direct sporogenesis
d) indirect sporogenesis
e) gynogenesis
90. Apical part of stem or root:
a) apex
b) allele
c) meristem
d) cambium
e) parenchyma
91. Reproduction of organisms, without gamic process:
a) apomixic
b) apex
c) amplification
d) regeneration
e) proliferation
92. Observance of conditions of full sterility:
a) aseptic
b) degradation
c) degassion
d) beccross
e) genesis
93. Hormones of indol group:
a) auxin
b) intron
c) amylase
d) gibberellin
e) pyridoxine
94. Recurring heterosis:
a) beccross
b) mutation
c) genome
d) mutagenesis
e) cloning
95. Device in biotechnological manufacture on growing of cells:
a) bioreactor
b) laminar
c) autoclave
d) distillator
e) septic tank
96. Glassiness:
a) vitrification
b) ammonification
c) nitrification
d) homogenization
e) fermentation
97. Branch of science and manufacture of economic important substance and products:
a) biotechnology
b) genetic engineering
c) nanotechnology
d) cellular selection
e) agrotechnology
98. Changing of substance in another type by biological way:
a) biotransformation
b) bioremediation
c) bioengineering
d) biodestruction
e) cryoconservation
99. Part of callus tissue planting on fresh firm nutrient medium:
a) passage
b) inoculum
c) regenerant
d) explant
e) cybrid
100. Structures, which join to itself one or another genes and transformed them in another cells:
a) vectors
b) haploids
c) diploids
d) strains
e) chromosomes
101. Unit of heredity:
a) gene
b) genotype
c) genome
d) phenotype
e) site
102. Genes, located outside nuclear, in mitochondrion and plastids:
a) cytoplasmic
b) amplification
c) genesis
d) proliferative
e) apical
103. Appearance of genotype:
a) genesis
b) diploid
c) mitosis
d) replication
e) mutation
104. One of cells, growing from pollen, participating in process of fertilisation:
a) generative
b) vegetative
c) expressive
d) repressive
e) protoplast
105. Field of molecular and cellular genetics:
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a) genetic engineering
b) biotechnology
c) general genetics
d) bionics
e) biotransformation
106. Inhibition of activity of genes:
a) genes repression
b) genes expression
c) genomics
d) genesis
e) agenesis
107. Transformation of information in chains of nucleoids in DNA molecule:
a) genes expression
b) genes repression
c) genes translation
d) generation
e) genes transduction
108. Set of chromosomes of particular kind:
a) genome
b) genotype
c) gene pool
d) genetics
e) gender
109. Group of heredity genes:
a) genotype
b) phenotype
c) genome
d) genesis
e) producer
110. Cell of hybrids, having genetic difference:
a) heterokaryon
b) homocaryon
c) gibberellin
d) diploid
e) haploid
111. Hybrid, without genetic difference of cell:
a) homocaryon
b) heterokaryon
c) gibberellin
d) correlation
e) determination
112. Accumulation of chromosomes in female gametophyte in conditions in vitro:
a) gynogenesis
b) histogenesis
c) cytogenesis
d) heterosis
e) genome
113. Formation of tissue:
a) histogenesis
b) cytogenesis
c) organogenesis
d) androgenesis
e) gametogenesis
114. Preparation of cell to defined path of development of organism:
a) determination
b) dedifferentiation
c) differentiation
d) diploidization
e) translation
115. Difference between cells and tissues of plants connected with its functional specialization:
a) differentiation
b) dedifferentiation
c) diploidization
d) determination
e) amplification
116. Method of identification of enzymes’ sensitivity:
a) immunoenzyme
b) immobile
c) induction
d) isogenic
e) histochemical
117. Radioimmunochemical and immune-enzyme methods related to:
a) express-method
b) classic method
c) repress-method
d) sensor-method
e) relax-method
118. In the capacity of appraisal of callus cultures in last time applies:
a) express-method
b) classic method
c) repress-method
d) sensor-method
e) relax-method
119. To the types of express-methods of appraisal of callus cultures are related:
a) radioimmunechemical and immune-enzyme methods
b) immune-enzyme and relax
c) radioimmunechemical and transmission
d) immune-enzyme and X-ray phase
e) chromatographic and X-ray phase
120. Creation of immobility of cells:
a) immobilization
b) relaxation
c) sensoric
d) amplification
e) inhibition
121. Keeping of cells in liquid nitrogen at temperature -196 оС:
a) cryoconservation
b) cryoscopy
c) passivation
d) amplification
e) inhibition
122. Cover tissue of cereal croup:
a) integument
b) inoculum
c) passage
d) immobile
e) isogen
123. Cells, growing in test tube:
a) in vitro
b) in vivo
c) express
d) suspension
e) intron
124. Cells cultivated in organism:
a) in vivo
b) in vitro
c) express
d) suspension
e) intron
125. Cultivation of cells in liquid medium and in device in conditions in vitro:
a) suspension
b) agarization
c) callus
d) biotranslation
e) bioelectrochemistry
126. Cultivation of biomass with influence of photoelement:
a) turbidostat
b) chemostat
c) flow-open
d) flow-closed
e) flow- stagnant
127. Cultivation of cells with strict concentration of growth-retarding:
a) chemostat
b) turbidostat
c) flow-open
d) flow-closed
e) deep
128. Passage of cells in ware with nutrient medium:
a) passage
b) intron
c) exon
d) induction
e) inoculum
129. Accumulation of cells in nutrient medium:
a) population
b) generation
c) passage
d) suspension
e) cycle
130. Method of construction of cells of new type on the basis of their cultivation, hybridization and reconstruction:
a) engineering
b) generation
c) segregation
d) recombination
e) retranslation
131. Substances which are don’t necessary for cells:
a) secondary metabolites
b) primary metabolites
c) cell’s population
d) suspension
e) inhibitors
132. Location of gene in particular place:
a) locus
b) line
c) clone
d) codon
e) triplet
133. Destruction and dissolving of intercellular substance:
a) maceration
b) locating
c) processing
d) correlation
e) splicing
134. Development of organism or form’s growth:
a) morphogenesis
b) mutation
c) rhyzogenesis
d) mutagenesis
e) meiosis
135. Appearance of mutations under factors influence:
a) mutagenesis
b) gystogenesis
c) onthogenesis
d) phylogenesis
e) translation
136. Physical and chemical agents: ionized ray, light, temperature:
a) mutagens
b) antigens
c) promoters
d) producers
e) sensors
137. Genes – swelling’s stimulants:
a) oncogene
b) nucellus
c) promoter
d) translator
e) locus
138. Increasing the number of chromosomes from haploid in 3-4 times:
a) polyploid
b) plasmid
c) diploid
d) aneuploid
e) genome
139. Cells, without nucleus:
a) procaryotes
b) eucaryotes
c) diploids
d) ptoplasts
e) haploids
140. Cells without cellular wall in the result of enzyme action or mechanical influence:
a) protoplast
b) procaryote
c) eucaryote
d) oncoplast
e) stem
141. False fertilization:
a) pseudogamy
b) plasmid
c) pathotoxin
d) megaspory
e) liposomy
142. Enzyme, splited DNA molecule:
a) restrictase
b) macerosm
c) lypase
d) amilase
e) synthetase
143. Site of nucleic acid or protein:
a) site
b) locus
c) line
d) genome
e) idiotype
144. Destruction of chromosomes in hybrid, appearance of new genotypes:
a) segregation
b) site
c) recombination
d) reverse
e) correlation
145. Synthesis of RNA:
a) transcription
b) splicing
c) metabolism
d) recombination
e) replication
146. Synthesis of protein in rybosome:
a) translation
b) correlation
c) transcription
d) splicing
e) induction
147. Part of thickened maternal bag in plant’s flower:
a) ovary
b) ring
c) stigma
d) style
e) apical point
148. Place, where ripen mother cells:
a) embryo sac
b) seeds’ buds
c) apical point
d) catalyst
e) functional center
149. Introduction in culture of foreign genetic information:
a) transformation
b) transploid
c) transcription
d) translation
e) deduction
150. Triple content of nucleus’ chromosomes:
a) triploid
b) tetraploid
c) haploid
d) diploid
e) pentaploid
151. New formation of cells and tissues by reproduction of legacy cells and tissues:
a) proliferation
b) differentiation
c) correlation
d) meiosis
e) degradation
152. Process of formation of callus called:
a) callus formation
b) histogenesis
c) rhyzogenesis
d) gemmogenesis
e) cytocinesis
153. Complex of processes, leading to distinction between maternal and filial cells, and also between filial cells:
a) differentiation
b) redifferentiation
c) dedifferentiation
d) regeneration
e) transpiration
154. Special type of tissue, formed on whole plant in result of its wound:
a) callus
b) meristem
c) apex
d) cambium
e) parenchyma
155. Principles of cells’ cultivation clear formulated by:
a) G.Gaberlandt
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbinson
d) Т.Murasige
e) F.White
156. Nutrient medium, which was used by G.Gaberlandt in experiments:
a) Knop
b) White
c) Gamborg
d) Hogland
e) Sniders
157. R.Rehinger tried to grow buds, cuts of the roots on:
a) moistured sand
b) agar medium
c) liquid medium
d) different media
e) firm surface
158. Growing of isolated parts and organs of plants first began by:
a) German scientists
b) alchemists
c) Russian scientists
d) scientists from different countries
e) English scientists
159. R.Harrison has grew in lymphatic liquid:
a) frog’s neuroblast
b) callus tissue
c) potato’s cells
d) cell’s embryoid
e) frog’s lymphoblast
160. Substances, stimulating cellular division:
a) cytokinines
b) auxins
c) vitamins
d) macroelements
e) microelements
161. Widely used nutrient medium, which was created in 1962 y:
a) Murasige-Skug
b) White
c) Shenk-Hil’debrandt
d) Nich and Nich
e) Gamborg-Evelang
162. Growth stimulating substance:
a) kinetin
b) mesoinosit
c) vitamin
d) bichromate
e) carbogel
163. Who is founder of biotechnology in Kazakhstan?
a) M.Aithozhin
b) G.Ualihanov
c) S.Columbaev
d) А.Udel’skaya
e) Zh.Zhardemaliev
164. Tissue, cultivated in “in vitro” conditions:
a) callus
b) strain
c) suspension
d) explant
e) intron
165. Plant, received from cell culture:
a) regenerate
b) explant
c) totypotent
d) strain
e) sort
166. Basic components of nutrient medium vitamins of:
a) group В
b) group А
c) group D
d) nicotinic acid
e) folic acid
167. Components of nutrient medium, assisting in regulation of plants physiological processes:
a) phytohormones
b) carbohydrates
c) iron helate
d) pectin
e) gelatin
168. Source of carbohydrates in media are:
a) sucrose
b) ribose
c) deoxyribose
d) galactose
e) tetrose
169. Aggregate of reactions connected to transcription and translation:
a) processing
b) biosynthesis
c) correlation
d) dissimilation
e) assimilation
170. Since which period begin interphase period:
a) G1
b) S
c) G2
d) G0
e) R1
171. Acquisition by cell conditions of readiness to realization of defined hereditary properties:
a) determination
b) complementarity
c) differentiation
d) proliferation
e) variability
172. Ability of cell to perceive inductive influence and to react specific on it by changing of development:
a) competence
b) callus formation
c) mytosis
d) meiosis
e) translation
173. External factors, influencing on process of cells cultivation:
a) light
b) heat
c) cool
d) darkness
e) gas
174. Cell, deprived of cell wall:
a) protoplast
b) leucoplast
c) chromoplast
d) liposome
e) lysosome
175. Fragment of plant or piece of the tissue:
a) explant
b) callus
c) passage
d) suspension
e) protoplast
176. Cell’s specialization:
a) differentiation
b) redifferentiation
c) dedifferentiation
d) regeneration
e) transpiration
177. Cultivation of cells in artificial media in aseptic conditions:
a) in vitro
b) in vivo
c) callus
d) explant
e) in situ
178. Particular type of tissue, representative accumulation of undifferentiated cells:
a) callus
b) explant
c) regenerate
d) clon
e) locus
179. Reduction cells division:
a) meiosis
b) mitosis
c) kinesis
d) telophase
e) amitosis
180. Aseptic received plant with the developed roots and the runaways, generated in culture, that is in vitro:
a) regenerant
b) explant
c) intron
d) embryoid
e) metabolite
181. G.Gaberlandt formulate cells principles in:
a) 1902 y.
b) 1899 y.
c) 1914 y.
d) 1907 y.
e) 1900 y.
182. The hypothesis of totypotency has been put forward by:
a) G.Gaberlandt
b) K.Rehinger
c) V.Robbins
d) E.Davidson
e) F.White
183. Division of somatic cells:
a) mitosis
b) amitosis
c) meiosis
d) transcription
e) interphase
184. Interconnection of organs with each other:
a) correlation
b) competence
c) determinative
d) cryoprotection
e) sublimation
185. Property of a vegetative cell to realise the genetic information:
a) totipotency
b) differentiation
c) regeneration
d) complementarity
e) induction
186. Since which year begin to cultivate cells in Kazakhstan?
a) 1975
b) 1955
c) 1995
d) 2001
e) 1948
187. For normal growth and progress of plants it is necessary such level of pH:
a) 5-6
b) 4-5
c) 6-8
d) 2-4
e) 9-12
188. For preparation of firm nutrient media necessary:
a) agar
b) potassium
c) phytohormone
d) auxin
e) carbonate
189. Optimal temperature for cultivation of plants’ cells:
a) 25-32 оС
b) 38-40 оС
c) 15-25 оС
d) 5-10 оС
e) 45-65 оС
190. Transition of specialized cells to proliferation:
a) differentiation
b) differentiation
c) translation
d) regeneration
e) transpiration
191. Transition of transplantation of callus in nutrient medium:
a) passage
b) transformation
c) inoculum
d) proliferation
e) fermentation
192. Nutrient media for cultivation of cells and tissues of plants are media:
a) multicomponent
b) single-component
c) natural
d) two-component
e) organic
193. The basic of structure of biological membranes are performed by:
a) bilayer of phospholipids
b) amino acids
c) triple layer of proteins
d) bilayer of carbohydrates
e) double helix of DNA
194. Who was first from the scientists who begin to grow isolated parts and organs of plants?
a) K.Rehinger
b) G.Gaberlandt
c) Т.Murasige
d) F.Skug
e) F.White
195. Achievements of which scientist related to cambial tissues of willow and carrot:
a) F.White
b) E.Davidson
c) V.Robbins
d) V.Kotte
e) G.Gaberlandt
196. Scientist, which has supported continuous long-term culture of roots’ tips for 30 years:
a) R.Gotre
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbins
d) Т.Murasige
e) D.Wotson
197. Scientist with collaborators, which have investigated growth of buds on pieces of tobacco steams:
a) F.Skug
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbins
d) Т.Murasige
e) D.Wotson
198. Culture, cultivated in liquid medium:
a) suspension
b) tumor
c) callus
d) clonal
e) somatic
199. Since which year begin to cultivate plants’ cells in Soviet Union?
a) 1944
b) 1930
c) 1980
d) 1934
e) 1994
200. Part of suspension culture, used for passaging on fresh nutrient medium:
a) inoculum
b) passage
c) proliferation
d) maceration
e) cristalization
201. Inhibition of activity of genes:
a) genes repression
b) genes expression
c) genomics
d) genesis
e) agenesis
202. Transformation of information in chains of nucleoids in DNA molecule:
a) genes expression
b) genes repression
c) genes translation
d) generation
e) genes transduction
203. Set of chromosomes of particular kind:
a) genome
b) genotype
c) gene pool
d) genetics
e) gender
204. Group of heredity genes:
a) genotype
b) phenotype
c) genome
d) genesis
e) producer
205. Cell of hybrids, having genetic difference:
a) heterokaryon
b) homocaryon
c) gibberellin
d) diploid
e) haploid
206. Hybrid, without genetic difference of cell:
a) homocaryon
b) heterokaryon
c) gibberellin
d) correlation
e) determination
207. Accumulation of chromosomes in female gametophyte in conditions in vitro:
a) gynogenesis
b) histogenesis
c) cytogenesis
d) heterosis
e) genome
208. Formation of tissue:
a) histogenesis
b) cytogenesis
c) organogenesis
d) androgenesis
e) gametogenesis
209. Increasing the number of chromosomes from haploid in 3-4 times:
a) polyploid
b) plasmid
c) diploid
d) aneuploid
e) genome
210. Cells, without nucleus:
a) procaryotes
b) eucaryotes
c) diploids
d) ptoplasts
e) haploids
211. Cells without cellular wall in the result of enzyme action or mechanical influence:
a) protoplast
b) procaryote
c) eucaryote
d) oncoplast
e) stem
212. False fertilization:
a) pseudogamy
b) plasmid
c) pathotoxin
d) megaspory
e) liposomy
213. Enzyme, splited DNA molecule:
a) restrictase
b) macerosm
c) lypase
d) amilase
e) synthetase
214. Site of nucleic acid or protein:
a) site
b) locus
c) line
d) genome
e) idiotype
215. Unit of heredity:
a) gene
b) genotype
c) genome
d) phenotype
e) site
216. Genes, located outside nuclear, in mitochondrion and plastids:
a) cytoplasmic
b) amplification
c) genesis
d) proliferative
e) apical
217. Appearance of genotype:
a) genesis
b) diploid
c) mitosis
d) replication
e) mutation
218. One of cells, growing from pollen, participating in process of fertilisation:
a) generative
b) vegetative
c) expressive
d) repressive
e) protoplast
219. Field of molecular and cellular genetics:
a) genetic engineering
b) biotechnology
c) general genetics
d) bionics
e) biotransformation
220. To the types of express-methods of appraisal of callus cultures are related:
a) radioimmunechemical and immune-enzyme methods
b) immune-enzyme and relax
c) radioimmunechemical and transmission
d) immune-enzyme and X-ray phase
e) chromatographic and X-ray phase
221. Creation of immobility of cells:
a) immobilization
b) relaxation
c) sensoric
d) amplification
e) inhibition
222. Keeping of cells in liquid nitrogen at temperature -196 оС:
a) cryoconservation
b) cryoscopy
c) passivation
d) amplification
e) inhibition
223. Cover tissue of cereal croup:
a) integument
b) inoculum
c) passage
d) immobile
e) isogen
224. Cultivation of biomass with influence of photoelement:
a) turbidostat
b) chemostat
c) flow-open
d) flow-closed
e) flow- stagnant
225. Cultivation of cells with strict concentration of growth-retarding:
a) chemostat
b) turbidostat
c) flow-open
d) flow-closed
e) deep
226. Passage of cells in ware with nutrient medium:
a) passage
b) intron
c) exon
d) induction
e) inoculum
227. Accumulation of cells in nutrient medium:
a) population
b) generation
c) passage
d) suspension
e) cycle
228. Method of construction of cells of new type on the basis of their cultivation, hybridization and reconstruction:
a) engineering
b) generation
c) segregation
d) recombination
e) retranslation
229. Substances which are don’t necessary for cells:
a) secondary metabolites
b) primary metabolites
c) cell’s population
d) suspension
e) inhibitors
230. Genes – swelling’s stimulants:
a) oncogene
b) nucellus
c) promoter
d) translator
e) locus
231. Destruction of chromosomes in hybrid, appearance of new genotypes:
a) segregation
b) site
c) recombination
d) reverse
e) correlation
232. Synthesis of RNA:
a) transcription
b) splicing
c) metabolism
d) recombination
e) replication
233. Synthesis of protein in rybosome:
a) translation
b) correlation
c) transcription
d) splicing
e) induction
234. In the capacity of appraisal of callus cultures in last time applies:
a) express-method
b) classic method
c) repress-method
d) sensor-method
e) relax-method
235. Cells, growing in test tube:
a) in vitro
b) in vivo
c) express
d) suspension
e) intron
236. Cells cultivated in organism:
a) in vivo
b) in vitro
c) express
d) suspension
e) intron
237. Destruction and dissolving of intercellular substance:
a) maceration
b) locating
c) processing
d) correlation
e) splicing
238. Development of organism or form’s growth:
a) morphogenesis
b) mutation
c) rhyzogenesis
d) mutagenesis
e) meiosis
239. Appearance of mutations under factors influence:
a) mutagenesis
b) gystogenesis
c) onthogenesis
d) phylogenesis
e) translation
240. Physical and chemical agents: ionized ray, light, temperature:
a) mutagens
b) antigens
c) promoters
d) producers
e) sensors
241. Method of identification of enzymes’ sensitivity:
a) immunoenzyme
b) immobile
c) induction
d) isogenic
e) histochemical
242. Radioimmunochemical and immune-enzyme methods related to:
a) express-method
b) classic method
c) repress-method
d) sensor-method
e) relax-method
243. Preparation of cell to defined path of development of organism:
a) determination
b) dedifferentiation
c) differentiation
d) diploidization
e) translation
244. Difference between cells and tissues of plants connected with its functional specialization:
a) differentiation
b) dedifferentiation
c) diploidization
d) determination
e) amplification
245. Cultivation of cells in liquid medium and in device in conditions in vitro:
a) suspension
b) agarization
c) callus
d) biotranslation
e) bioelectrochemistry
246. Location of gene in particular place:
a) locus
b) line
c) clone
d) codon
e) triplet
247. Part of thickened maternal bag in plant’s flower:
a) ovary
b) ring
c) stigma
d) style
e) apical point
248. Place, where ripen mother cells:
a) embryo sac
b) seeds’ buds
c) apical point
d) catalyst
e) functional center
249. Introduction in culture of foreign genetic information:
a) transformation
b) transploid
c) transcription
d) translation
e) deduction
250. Triple content of nucleus’ chromosomes:
a) triploid
b) tetraploid
c) haploid
d) diploid
e) pentaploid
251. Exponential phase called another:
a) logarithmic
b) linear
c) stationary
d) dead
e) latent
252. Which two periods make up life-cycle of cell?
a) interphase and mitotic
b) anaphase and telophase
c) interphase and anaphase
d) telophase and interphase
e) prophase and mitotic
253. At meiosis of cell first occurs:
a) division of nucleus
b) division of cytoplasm
c) formation of partition
d) division of ribosome
e) division of mitochondrion
254. The longest phase of mitosis is:
a) prophase
b) telophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) all phases take the same time
255. The shortest phase of mitosis is:
a) anaphase
b) telophase
c) metaphase
d) prophase
e) all phases take the same time
256. Which ions are necessary for existence of cells?
a) of sodium and potassium
b) of calcium and sodium
c) of magnesium and potassium
d) of magnesium and sodium
e) of calcium and magnesium
257. Amino acids in protein molecule connected between each other by which kind of connection:
a) peptide
b) hydrogen
c) ionic
d) covalent
e) disulphide
258. Indicate peptide bond:
a) -СОNH-
b) -COOH-
c) -NH2
d) -CH-
e) - CH2OH –
259. Third phase of growing of callus cells:
a) linear
b) logarithmic
c) stationary
d) dead
e) latent
260. Fifth phase of growing of callus cells:
a) stationary
b) logarithmic
c) linear
d) dead
e) latent
261. Spare buds:
a) adventive
b) haploid
c) diploid
d) procariotic
e) apex
262. Loosing of pigment by organism:
a) albinism
b) beccross
c) vector
d) colorblindness
e) destruction
263. Induction of haploids in culture of male and female gametophyte called:
a) androgenesis
b) gemmogenesis
c) rhyzogenesis
d) gynogenesis
e) organogenesis
264. Induction of haploids in culture of female gametophyte called:
a) gynogenesis
b) gemmogenesis
c) rhyzogenesis
d) androgenesis
e) organogenesis
265. False fertilization, at which embryo developed from unfertilized ovule:
a) pseudogamy
b) monogamy
c) polygami
d) androgenesis
e) gynogenesis
266. Formation of haploid plants from embryoids called:
a) direct androgenesis
b) indirect androgenesis
c) direct sporogenesis
d) indirect sporogenesis
e) gynogenesis
267. Apical part of stem or root:
a) apex
b) allele
c) meristem
d) cambium
e) parenchyma
268. Reproduction of organisms, without gamic process:
a) apomixic
b) apex
c) amplification
d) regeneration
e) proliferation
269. Observance of conditions of full sterility:
a) aseptic
b) degradation
c) degassion
d) beccross
e) genesis
270. Living cells are systems:
a) open
b) closed
c) circled
d) isolated
e) half-opened
271. Basic structure units of protein are:
a) amino acids
b) fat acids and glycerine
c) glucose and fructose
d) dicarboxylic acids
e) nucleosides
272. Sedimentation of particles under power of gravity:
a) sedimentation
b) sensabilization
c) flocculation
d) coagulation
e) osmosis
273. Formation tissue:
a) meristem
b) parenchyme
c) callus
d) root
e) bud
274. High ratio auxin/cytokinin causes:
a) rhyzogenesis
b) gemmogenesis
c) histogenesis
d) cytogenesis
e) callus genesis
275. Low ratio auxin/cytokinin conducive to:
a) gemmogenesis
b) rhyzogenesis
c) histogenesis
d) cytogenesis
e) callus genesis
276. Formative tissue, forming others:
a) meristem
b) embryoid
c) parenchyma
d) callus
e) proliferation
277. Recurring heterosis:
a) beccross
b) mutation
c) genome
d) mutagenesis
e) cloning
278. Device in biotechnological manufacture on growing of cells:
a) bioreactor
b) laminar
c) autoclave
d) distillator
e) septic tank
279. Glassiness:
a) vitrification
b) ammonification
c) nitrification
d) homogenization
e) fermentation
280. Structures, which join to itself one or another genes and transformed them in another cells:
a) vectors
b) haploids
c) diploids
d) strains
e) chromosomes
281. Types of plants, took in space by Kazakhstan cosmonauts:
a) wheat
b) melon
c) potato
d) nightshade
e) carrot
282. With cells of which plant cosmonauts made experiments:
a) corn
b) oats
c) apricot
d) potato
e) tomato
283. Process of organs, tissues and cells formation:
a) morphogenesis
b) parthenogenesis
c) embryogenesis
d) rhyzogenesis
e) gemmogenesis
284. Asexual reproduction in culture of cells and tissues, at which arising plants genetically identical to initial sample:
a) clonal
b) amitotic
c) mitotic
d) meiotic
e) budding
285. Forth stage of clonal reproduction:
a) planting of plants in soil
b) introduction of explants in culture
c) rooting of duplicated bines
d) reproduction
e) cells cultivation
286. Form of variety of gene:
a) allele
b) albinism
c) beccross
d) locus
e) site
287. Changing of substance in another type by biological way:
a) biotransformation
b) bioremediation
c) bioengineering
d) biodestruction
e) cryoconservation
288. Branch of science and manufacture of economic important substance and products:
a) biotechnology
b) genetic engineering
c) nanotechnology
d) cellular selection
e) agrotechnology
289. Hormones of indol group:
a) auxin
b) intron
c) amylase
d) gibberellin
e) pyridoxine
290. Part of callus tissue planting on fresh firm nutrient medium:
a) passage
b) inoculum
c) regenerant
d) explant
e) cybrid
291. Increasing the number of genes in genome:
a) amplification
b) replification
c) differentiation
d) callus
e) mitosis
292. Part of DNA molecule:
a) gene
b) locus
c) chromosome
d) lysosome
e) protein
293. Gene collection:
a) gen
b) phenotype
c) chromosome
d) site
e) diploid
294. Formation of germ-like structures:
a) embryoidogenesis
b) rhyzophilogenesis
c) gemmogenesis
d) phylogenesis
e) ontogenesis
295. As a result of morphogenesis formed:
a) regenerant
b) callus
c) strain
d) explant
e) embryoid
296. First stage of clonal reproduction:
a) bringing of explants in culture
b) reproduction in fact
c) establishment of duplicated bines
d) planting of plants in soil
e) cells cultivation
297. Plant, receiving by asexual, i.e. vegetative reproduction:
a) clone
b) callus
c) regenerant
d) explant
e) animal unit
298. 6-furfurilaminopurine:
a) cynetin
b) zeatine
c) auxin
d) glycine
e) pyroxene
299. Number of phases of growing of callus tissues:
a) 6
b) 4
c) 7
d) 2
e) 9
300. First phase of growing of callus cells:
a) latent
b) logarithmic
c) stationary
d) dead
e) linear
1. Cultivation of cells in artificial media in aseptic conditions:
a) in vitro
b) in vivo
c) callus
d) explant
e) in situ
2. Particular type of tissue, representative accumulation of undifferentiated cells:
a) callus
b) explant
c) regenerate
d) clon
e) locus
3. Reduction cells division:
a) meiosis
b) mitosis
c) kinesis
d) telophase
e) amitosis
4. Division of somatic cells:
a) mitosis
b) amitosis
c) meiosis
d) transcription
e) interphase
5. Interconnection of organs with each other:
a) correlation
b) competence
c) determinative
d) cryoprotection
e) sublimation
6. Property of a vegetative cell to realise the genetic information:
a) totipotency
b) differentiation
c) regeneration
d) complementarity
e) induction
7. Aseptic received plant with the developed roots and the runaways, generated in culture, that is in vitro:
a) regenerant
b) explant
c) intron
d) embryoid
e) metabolite
8. G.Gaberlandt formulate cells principles in:
a) 1902 y.
b) 1899 y.
c) 1914 y.
d) 1907 y.
e) 1900 y.
9. The hypothesis of totypotency has been put forward by:
a) G.Gaberlandt
b) K.Rehinger
c) V.Robbins
d) E.Davidson
e) F.White
10. Who was first from the scientists who begin to grow isolated parts and organs of plants?
a) K.Rehinger
b) G.Gaberlandt
c) Т.Murasige
d) F.Skug
e) F.White
11. Principles of cells’ cultivation clear formulated by:
a) G.Gaberlandt
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbinson
d) Т.Murasige
e) F.White
12. Nutrient medium, which was used by G.Gaberlandt in experiments:
a) Knop
b) White
c) Gamborg
d) Hogland
e) Sniders
13. R.Rehinger tried to grow buds, cuts of the roots on:
a) moistured sand
b) agar medium
c) liquid medium
d) different media
e) firm surface
14. Growing of isolated parts and organs of plants first began by:
a) German scientists
b) alchemists
c) Russian scientists
d) scientists from different countries
e) English scientists
15. R.Harrison has grew in lymphatic liquid:
a) frog’s neuroblast
b) callus tissue
c) potato’s cells
d) cell’s embryoid
e) frog’s lymphoblast
16. Achievements of which scientist related to cambial tissues of willow and carrot:
a) F.White
b) E.Davidson
c) V.Robbins
d) V.Kotte
e) G.Gaberlandt
17. Scientist, which has supported continuous long-term culture of roots’ tips for 30 years:
a) R.Gotre
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbins
d) Т.Murasige
e) D.Wotson
18. Scientist with collaborators, which have investigated growth of buds on pieces of tobacco steams:
a) F.Skug
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbins
d) Т.Murasige
e) D.Wotson
19. Substances, stimulating cellular division:
a) cytokinines
b) auxins
c) vitamins
d) macroelements
e) microelements
20. Widely used nutrient medium, which was created in 1962 y:
a) Murasige-Skug
b) White
c) Shenk-Hil’debrandt
d) Nich and Nich
e) Gamborg-Evelang
21. Growth stimulating substance:
a) kinetin
b) mesoinosit
c) vitamin
d) bichromate
e) carbogel
22. Culture, cultivated in liquid medium:
a) suspension
b) tumor
c) callus
d) clonal
e) somatic
23. Since which year begin to cultivate plants’ cells in Soviet Union?
a) 1944
b) 1930
c) 1980
d) 1934
e) 1994
24. Since which year begin to cultivate cells in Kazakhstan?
a) 1975
b) 1955
c) 1995
d) 2001
e) 1948
25. Who is founder of biotechnology in Kazakhstan?
a) M.Aithozhin
b) G.Ualihanov
c) S.Columbaev
d) А.Udel’skaya
e) Zh.Zhardemaliev
26. Tissue, cultivated in “in vitro” conditions:
a) callus
b) strain
c) suspension
d) explant
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