Answer the questions to the text

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1) What main activities does foreign trade comprise?

2) What is the principle in dividing all commercial activities into basic and auxiliary ones?

3) What are the types of foreign trade transactions?

4) What basic types of contract do you know? Describe them.

5) What auxiliary types of contract can you name? Can you describe them?

6) In what way can deals be concluded in capitalist countries?

7) What are the requirements to the conclusion of deals in our country?

8) Who is entitled to sign our contracts abroad and at home?

9) Do license agreements belong to basic or auxiliary transactions"

10) What can you say about a compensation (compensatory) transaction?

5. Read the text and retell the contents in Russian:

The Economy of London

London’s economy is distinguished by a multiplicity of activities that reflect the structure of the British economy as a whole. Service industries account for almost three-quarters of total employment; they include banking, insurance, the civil service, transportation, education, food and drink, printing and publishing, retailing, and numerous professional and custom services. Tourism also plays a vital part in London’s service industries. Next in importance are manufacturing and engineering and the latter has allied industries; each of these two sectors accounts for approximately 10 percent of total employment. The production of precision instruments, computers, aircraft, automobiles, chemicals, and clothing, as well as the refining of petroleum, are all important. Not unexpectedly, Greater London possesses the country’s greatest concentration of professional, technical, and administrative occupations, as well as the highest average income in Britain.

The central area of London is dominated by service employment and characterized by the localized concentration of various activities: banking and finance in the City, insurance and law in Holborn, government in Westminster, newspaper publishing in Fleet Street, medicine in Harley Street, tailoring in Savile Row, retail outlets in Bond and Oxford streets, and education in Bloomsbury. Industrial activity is important in the so-called Victorian Manufacturing Belt-a crescent-shaped band on the southern bank of the Thames River, extending northwest from the City and Southwark. Here, small-scale specialized production dominates.

Providing the raw materials and access to markets is the extensive Port of London, the major docks of which are located just downstream from London Bridge. London is one of Europe’s largest seaports and handles virtually every type of commodity and cargo. To the west of Central London are newer manufacturing areas such as Park Royal. Toward the periphery of Greater London and in the surrounding outer metropolitan area are more sophisticated and specialized industries, such as those manufacturing aircraft, computers, and electronic equipment. To the west of London, economic development has been stimulated by the presence of Heathrow International Airport, and to the south, by Gatwick International Airport.

(From an Encyclopedia)

Вариант 2

1. Read and translate the text:

MARKETING METHODS AND ADVERTISING

To sell the goods, you must do a lot of market research first. The information needed can be obtained from consulates, and trade representations, from trade associations and trade journals or from specialized consultant companies (who will do a professional market research job for you for a fee).

The information you are interested in is if there is any demand for your goods, what the market potential is, what sort of competition you will meet, i.e. how the price of your goods compares with other competitive products including those produced locally, local conditions and preference, local trading customs and habits, what seasonal factors should be taken into account and the like.

But in general marketing covers not only market research, but also planning the selection (assortment) of goods, and consequently the production itself, price policy, advertising and promotion of sales, controlling the sales and post-sales servicing.

So marketing' is a system of running all the business activities of a company (organization) in respect of coordination supply and demand for the goods produced. Originally marketing was meant to help avoid overproduction in advanced capitalist countries.

Marketing may coordinate production and goods circulation (consumption of goods).

Advertising is an important means of promoting the goods that arc being produced already as well as new lines in business.

There are specialized firms dealing with advertising. Different kinds of mass media - TV, radio, newspapers, cinema, journals, magazines, posters are used for advertising goods. Special leaflets, booklets and other printed matter ad out the goods may be published for the same purpose. Participation in fairs and exhibitions helps to promote our goods as well. Also, special-advertising conferences may be held. The choice of media for advertising depends on the kind of goods and on the local conditions people's habits: sometimes TV and radio ads are best, in other cases it may be trade journals or leaflets distributed among potential buyers.

Give English equivalents to the Russian ones.

I) до продажи товара

2) выбор средства для рекламы

3) маркетинг - это система управления всей деловой активностью фирмы

4) торговые обычаи

5) специализированные фирмы, занимающиеся рекламой

6) спрос и предложение на производимые товары

7) местные условия и предпочтение

8) планирование товарного ассортимента

9) вообще же, маркетинг включает не только конъюнктуру рынка

10) реклама и стимулирование сбыта

11) избежать (не допустить) перепроизводства