Контрольная работа № 2

Вариант 1

1. Read and translate the text:

COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES AND TYPES OF CONTRIES

Foreign trade comprises three main activities: importing (i.e. buying goods from foreign Sellers), exporting (i.e. selling goods to foreign Buyers) and re-exporting (i.e. buying goods from foreign Sellers and selling them to foreign Buyers without processing in one's own country).

All commercial activities in foreign trade may be divided into basic ones associated with the conclusion of foreign trade contracts for the exchange of goods and auxiliary ones ensuring their successful performance, i.e. associated with carnage of goods, their insurance, banking operations (financing the deals, settlement of payments between the Sellers and the Buyers, guaranteeing the strict observance of their mutual liabilities), as well as Customs and other activities. Conclusion of agency agreements, agreements with the Suppliers for export goods and with Importers for the purchase of goods, agreements with advertising agencies and firms dealing with the market research and with other organizations helping to achieve the targets set for foreign trade also refer to auxiliary activities. There may be about 10 or more auxiliary operations to one basic. In accordance with commercial usage existing in capitalist countries, contract of sale and other agreements may be concluded either verbally or in writing.

Agreements and contracts made in our country must be signed by Director General of the foreign trade association or his deputies (first signature) and by directors of firms or their deputies (second signature). Sometimes senior engineers of the firms are legally authorized to sign these documents.

In international trade contracts of sale, contracts for construction work (very often for the delivery, erection and commissioning of the equipment for industrial enterprises) and lease are most frequent among a variety of basic deals. Contracts of sale include turnkey contracts and large-scale contracts on a compensation basis. There may also be barter deals and compensatory deals.

License agreements stand apart from all the above contracts because they do not deal with selling and buying physical goods but with the sale and purchase of ideas, scientific-technical knowledge in the form of licenses, patents and know-how. As a rule there are practically no standard license agreements. Each license agreement is more or less unique in itself, i.e. has its own specific individual characteristics.

Give English equivalents to the Russian ones

1) Строгое соблюдение взаимных обязательств.

2) Заключение агентских соглашений.

3) Основные операции

4) Вспомогательные операции.

5) Торговые обычаи.

6) Подписать документы.

7) Финансирование сделок.

8) Проведение расчетов.

9) Достигать целей.

10) Компенсационная сделка.

11) Контракт "под ключ".