II. Read and translate the derivatives. Mind the suffixes

1 2 3 4 5 6

nerve - nervous – nervously

sensor - sensory

to divide – division

sphere – hemisphere

verb - verbal - non-verbal

to think – thinking

to solve - solving

III. Active vocabulary:

brain - мозг

centralnervoussystem – центральная нервная система

processing - обработка

coding - кодировка

sensory – восприятие органами чувств

mediation – посредничество, связь

memory - память

hemisphere - полушарие

speech - речь

thinking - мышление

left-hander - левша

right-hander - правша

lateral thinking – нестандартноемышление

IV. Read and translate the text:

Brain

The brain is the organ of the central nervous system responsible for the processing and coding of sensory and sensory information, for the control of regulatory processes in the body, and for the mediation of complex processes, such as motivation, emotion, learning, and memory.

The brain is divided into two halves which are called hemispheres. The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and directs speech, writing and abstract thinking. The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and directs the non-verbal memory, emotions and concrete thinking.

That is why the left hemisphere is dominant in right-handed people and vice verse the right hemisphere is dominant in left-handed people. As a result, left-handers are sometimes considered to be better at lateral thinking and problem solving and to be more artistic.

Exercises:

I. Give Russian equivalents of the following:

responsible for, processing and coding, sensory information, mediation of complex processes, to be divided into two halves, to direct speech, writing and abstract thinking, the non-verbal memory, vice verse, to be better at lateral thinking, problem solving.

II. Suggest the English for:

ответственный за, переработка и кодирование информации, связь сложных процессов, информация, поступающая от органов чувств, полушарие, преобладающий, наоборот, левша, правша, управлять речью, абстрактное мышление, невербальная память, нестандартное мышление, решение проблем.

III. Express agreement or disagreement with the following using:

Yes, you are right (= it is correct)

No, you are not right (=you are wrong)

The brain is the organ of the central nervous system.

The brain is divided into two halves which are called hemispheres.

The right hemisphere controls the right side of the body and directs speech, writing and abstract thinking.

The left side of the body the non-verbal memory, emotions and concrete thinking are controlled with the left hemisphere.

IV. Insert the missing words:

The brain is … responsible for the processing and coding of information.

The brain is … which are called hemispheres.

The … controls the right side of the body.

The right hemisphere … the non-verbal memory, emotions and concrete thinking.

Left-handers are considered to be better at … and to be more artistic.

V. Complete the following sentences:

The brain is …

Two halves of the brain are called …

The left hemisphere controls …

The right hemisphere directs …

Left-handers are sometimes considered to be …

VI. Answer the following questions:

What is the brain?

What does the brain control?

How many parts is the brain divided into?

What does the left hemisphere control?

What does the right hemisphere direct?

Left-handers are considered to be better at concrete thinking and problem solving, aren’t they?

VII. Speak on the brain.

The words you may need: organ of the central nervous system, motivation, emotion, learning, and memory, hemispheres, directs speech, writing, abstract thinking, non-verbal memory, concrete thinking, dominant in, left-handers, lateral thinking, problem solving.

LESSON 5

I. Read and translate the following international words. Mind the pronunciation.

emotion, psychological, positive, negative, to communicate, biological, social, cognitive, stress.

II. Read and translate the derivatives. Mind the suffixes.

emotion - emotional - emotionally

to feel – feeling

to communicate – communication

biology – biological

to expect – expectation

conscious - consciousness

III. Active vocabulary:

attitude - отношение

innerstate – внутреннеесостояние

mood - настроение

feeling - чувство

fear - страх

anger - гнев

to acquire - приобретать

guilt - вина

boredom - скука

curiosity – любопытство

to strain - напрягаться

to lose - терять

terror - ужас

influence - влияние

IV. Read and translate the text:

Emotions

What are emotions? Emotions are psychological states that show a person’s attitude to the world and other people. Emotions can be either positive or negative.

Emotions play a great role in our life. Due to them we can better understand each other and judge about people’s inner state. If we know about our friend’s or relatives’ feelings or mood it is easier for us to communicate and get along with them.

Many psychologists believe that we are born with a definite set of emotions –such as happiness, fear, anger, anxiety and wonder. They are called biological emotions. During his life a man acquires also social emotions like pride, guilt, etc. When being in the society every person needs to be loved, needs to follow or exceed expectations of his nearest and dearest. It’s necessary to mention about cognitive emotions, for example interest, boredom or curiosity.

All the emotional states are classified accordingly to their force and duration. So mood, stress, affect are the forms of emotions. Mood is a pervasive and sustained emotion, experienced by a person. It is not difficult to see what the mood of your friends or parents is. Children can’t hide their mood at all. Stress means that a person strains to the limit. The reason of stress may be any difficult, dangerous situation. A person feels anxiety and tries to find a way out of such a situation. Affect is characterized as conflict emotional state. People lose control over their consciousness and act under the influence of some strong feelings like fear, terror or anger.

Exercises:

I. Give Russian equivalents of the following:

psychological state, a person’s attitude to smth., inner state, to get along with, to be born with a definite set of emotions, during one’s life, needs to be loved, to follow or exceed expectations, nearest and dearest, to be classified accordingly to, sustained emotion, to strain to the limit, to find a way out, to lose control, under the influence of.

II. Suggest the English for:

показывать отношение человека, играть важную роль, ладить с кем-либо, рождаться с определенным набором эмоций, приобретать эмоции, родные и близкие, оправдывать ожидания, скука или любопытство, согласно силе и продолжительности, вообще не уметь скрывать, напряжен до предела, найти выход, терять контроль, под влиянием.

III. Express agreement or disagreement with the following using:

Yes, you are right (= it is correct)

No, you are not right (=you are wrong)

Emotions are psychological states that show a person’s attitude to the world and other people.

Due to emotions it is easier to communicate and get along with friends and relatives.

People are born with a definite set of cognitive emotions.

Pride, guilt, happiness and fear are the biological emotions.

When being in stress a person feels anxiety and tries to find the way out of such a situation.

IV. Insert the missing words:

Emotions are …to the world and other people.

If we know about … it is easier for us to communicate and get along with them.

When being in the society every person needs … of his nearest and dearest.