VII. Speak on emotions

The words you may need: psychological states, attitude to the world and other people, inner state, to communicate, a definite set of emotions, biological emotions, acquires social emotions, cognitive emotions, the forms of emotions, mood, to strain to the limit, to find a way out, affect, to lose control.

LESSON 6

I. Read and translate the following international words. Mind the pronunciation.

Temperament, human, type, Latin, Greek, sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic, fluid, personality, theory, problem, classification, activity, balance, inert.

II. Read and translate the derivatives. Mind the suffixes.

person - personality

describe – description

observe – observation

classify – classification

active – activity

balance balanced – unbalanced

patient - impatient

temper – tempered – hot-tempered

inert - inertness

III. Active vocabulary:

personality - личность

 to be divided (into) – делиться (на)

steady - уравновешенный

vigorous – сильный, бодрый

converge (with) - сходиться (с)

unrestrained - несдержанный

impatient - нетерпеливый

goodspirits – хорошее настроение

irritation - раздражение

hot-tempered – вспыльчивый

patience -терпение

lack - недостаток

switchone’sattention – переключать ч.-л. внимание

weak - слабый

sensitive - чувствительный

cope (with) - справиться (с)

IV. Read and translate the text:

Temperament

Through most of human history, it has been assumed that people are divided into four basic personality types, or "temperaments" (the Latin word temperament means “mixture, proportionality”). The great Greek physician Hippocrates made the first description of temperament in 400 BC. He named the four temperaments "Melancholic”, "Sanguine", "Choleric", and "Phlegmatic" after various human body fluids which he believed influenced personality. These fluids were blood, bladder, mucus and black bladder.

Thought Hippocrates' body-fluids theory turned out to be a dead end, his observations about human temperament were very accurate indeed. The vast majority of people tend to have one particular temperament. True, there are some people, which have features of two or more temperaments.

Over the years, a great number of scientists worked on this problem and several different classifications have been proposed. So, there is the most common classification of the four temperaments.

Sanguine is a strong, steady, alive man, he has the raised activity and is very vigorous and efficient. Sanguine is actively accepted for new business and can work hard without tiredness for a long time. Such type of personality easily converges with people and quickly gets used to the new conditions.

As well as sanguine choleric is a strong and lively type of personality. But he is rather unbalanced, unrestrained and impatient. High activity and good spirits can quickly change into tiredness and irritation. Choleric is hot-tempered that’s why he often has conflicts with people.

Phlegmatic is a strong, balanced and inert type. It is difficult to make him laugh or angry. He remains quiet at the large troubles. Phlegmatic has great patience and self-control. The lack is his inertness due to which he hardly switches his attention and adapts to new surroundings.

Melancholic is weak and unbalanced. Usually he is shy and sensitive. The smallest difficulty forces him to lower his hands. However in habitual atmosphere melancholic can successfully cope with any tasks.

Notes:

throughmostofhumanhistory – на протяжении всей истории человечества

turned out to be a dead end – оказаласьтупиком

tend to have one particular temperament – присущичертыодноготипатемперамента

gets used to the new conditions – привыкаеткновымусловиям

to make him laugh or angry – расмешитьилиразозлитьего

Exercises:

I. Give Russian equivalents of the following:

personality types, made the first description, human body fluids, have features of two or more temperaments, the raised activity, accepted for new business, converge with people, change into, hot-tempered, remains quiet, adapts to new surroundings, to lower his hands, weak and unbalanced, habitual atmosphere.

II. Suggest the English for:

делятся на, жидкости человеческого тела, повышенная активность, усердно работать, легко сходиться с новыми людьми, неуравновешенный, слабый, усталость и раздражение, остается спокойным, приспосабливаться к новой среде, застенчивый, заставляет опустить руки, успешно справиться с чем-либо