2020-01-15
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Все большее количество людей в мире принимает стиль жизни американского потребителя. Сегодня около 1,2 миллиона людей, в основном из Северной Америки, Европы, Японии и Австралии, имеют такой же уровень жизни, как американцы. В Китае потребления мяса на душу населения составляет почти половину того, что потребляет США. В Латинской Америке число владельцев автомобилей возросло в два раза за два последних десятилетия XX века. Валовой внутренний доход на душу населения почти такой же, как в США.
Эти изменения поощряются американскими политиками, которые считают, что консьюмеризм может распространить демократию и стабильность во все уголки земного шара. Однако быстрый темп изменений приносит и беспокойство. Американцы, составляющие только 5% всего населения земного шара, потребляют четвертую часть всей нефти. Они используют больше воды и имеют больше машин, чем другие страны. Они выбрасывают больше еды, чем многие люди в Африке едят. Если остальной мир станет похожим на Америку, вода, нефть и продукты питания могут истощиться.
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Поль Эрлих, автор книги «Взрыв населения», утверждает, что американский образ жизни ведет глобальную экосистему к разрушению. Другие ученые говорят, что богатство страны зависит не от ее ресурсов, а от ее правительства. Ангола, страна, богатая ресурсами, не может воспользоваться ими из-за гражданской войны, и Россия, богатая природными ресурсами и владеющая интеллектуальным капиталом, имеет бедное население.
TASKS
Study the words in the box
Таблица 6
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Complete these word combinations with verbs. They all appear in the text
1) to___________________ the dominance of the G7
2) to___________________ global trade negotiations
3) to___________________ a number of recommendations
4) to___________________ a dangerous polarization
5) to___________________ number one
6) to___________________ benefits
7) to___________________ worldwide markets for drugs and arms
8) to___________________ human development and social protection into the equation.
Write questions to these answers
1) _________________________________________?
It states that the combined wealth of the world's three richest families is greater than the annual income of 600 million people in the least developed countries, and the gap between the rich and the poor is widening.
2) __________________________________________?
It is creating a dangerous polarization between multi - billionaires and the millions who have been left behind.
3) __________________________________________?
It is calling for rewriting of global economic rules to avoid inequalities between poor countries and wealthy individuals.
4) ___________________________________________?
It also wants a more representative system of global governance to soften the effects of a "boom and bust" economy.
5) ____________________________________________?
They show that the last four years, the world's 200 richest people have doubled their wealth to more than $1 trillion.
6) ____________________________________________?
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In the same period, the number of people living on less than a dollar a day has remained unchanged at 1.3 billion.
7) ____________________________________________?
It stood at 30 to 1.
8) _____________________________________________?
By 1990, it widened to 60 tol.
9) _____________________________________________?
Today it stands at 74 to 1.
10) ____________________________________________?
The richest fifth account For 86 per cent of world consumption.
11) ____________________________________________?
88 per cent of Internet users live in the West.
12) _________________________________ ___________?
It also helps criminals to use worldwide markets for drugs and arms.
13) _____________________________________________?
Yes, it makes a number of recommendations.
4. Try not to look at the text and say what these figures mean:
1) 600; 2) 200; 3) 71; 4) 7; 5) 88.
Word families. Fill in the missing words
Таблица 7
| Verb | noun | Adjective |
| (1)_______________ | (2)________________ | Profitable |
| (3)_______________ | (4)________________ | Integrative |
| benefit | (5)________________ | beneficial |
Complete the commentary using the words in the box. One of the words is used twice
Таблица 8
| Boom demand downturns Recession slump |
The amount of goods and services that are bought in an economy at a particular time is the level of (1) __________. For example, in Europe and the US during the 1920s, Booms and recessions there was a (2) _________with rising (3) ___________for goods and services and people felt good about the economy. A (4) __________ is a period when there is a negative growth, when an industry or the economy as a whole is getting smaller. If the recession is very bad, there is a (5) ___________. Following the Wall Street Crash of 1929, there was a long depression with falling production, and millions of people out of work.
There have been other recessions when there have been relatively small (6) ________ in the economy, but nothing as bad as the Great Depression of the 1930 s.
Complete the gaps with the words from the box. Use the proper from of the verbs. One of the world is used twice
Таблица 9
| Negotiations flows annual Chain combined boom (2) Recession account for |
1) Illegal trade in drugs $500 billion a year.
2) The__________________ of the Metro shops is one of the biggest retailers in the world.
3) In order to bring Russia's financial system closer to international standards, rules on capital _______________ should be changed.
4) __________________ wealth of the world's three richest families is greater than the_________________ income of 600 million people in the least developed countries.
5) __________________ with the European Union concerned investments in Russian economy.
6) If a business is growing fast, it is_______________. The corresponding noun is_______________________.
7) A period of fast growth followed by a period when the amount of activity falls is one of _________________.
