2020-01-14
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| 1 | flape | 5 | snork | 9 | frake | 13 | spump |
| 2 | spline | 6 | preck | 10 | drumble | 14 | flinge |
| 3 | smotted | 7 | glumpy | 11 | duddle | 15 | chinker |
| 4 | gatter | 8 | chandy | 12 | shunker | 16 | strended |
It doesn’t matter if you don’t know what the words in A and B mean; you can always check them in a dictionary afterwards. Don’t look in a dictionary for the nonsense words in C.
Ex. 3.5 Find and practice reading vowels in their short meanings:
Letter” A”
a) Read as quickly as possible:
A cat, a black cat, a black cat sat, a black cat sat on a mat, a black cat sat on a mat and ate. A black cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat.
b) Read the sentence:
There was a red van traveling West, and several cars and vans behind it. The van driver suddenly turned and crashed into the taxi. The taxi driver wasn’t badly hurt, but he was very angry.
Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager, imagining an imagery menagerie.
c) Proverbs and idioms:
Flat as a pancake.
A hungry man is an angry man.
d) Rhymes and tongue-twisters:
Pat’s black cat is in Pat’s black hat.
Pussy-cat, pussy-cat
Can you catch that bad fat rat?
If you catch that bad fat rat,
You will have some milk for that.
Letter “E”
a) Hens, red hens, best red hens, ten best red hens, Ted sells ten best red hens. Every day Ted sells ten best red hens.
b) Only ten per cent of Kensington Express readers take regular exercise. Ten per cent felt that they were healthy or very healthy.
c) All’s well that ends well.
d) Better late than never.
e) Lesser leather never weathered wetter weather better.
f) Fred fed Ted bread and Ted led Fred bread.
g) Can you retell ten texts in twelve seconds?
Letters “I, Y”
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a) As fit as a fiddle.
b) Which witch wished which wicked wish?
c) Needles and pins, needles and pins,
When a man marries, his trouble begins.
d) I slit the sheet, the sheet I slit, and on the slitted sheet I sit.
Letter “O”
a) Bob’s dog got a hot pot of porridge and some chops.
b) I’ve got a job in a sports shop at the moment.
c) Honesty is the best policy.
d) A proper cup of coffee from a proper copper coffee pot.
Letter “U”
a) A duck, an ugly duck, an ugly duck was in a cup, an ugly duck was in a funny cup, an ugly duck was in a funny cup on Sunday. An ugly duck was in a funny cup on a sunny Sunday.
b) Lucky in cards unlucky in love.
c) Mummies munch much mush.
d) Double bubble gum bubbles double bubbles.
Ex. 3.6 Practice reading vowels in their long meanings:
Letter “A” a) This amazing lake in Wales is a famous place for great races.
b) I can explain. The Daily Mail came late.
c) Make hay while the sun shines.
A stitch in time saves nine.
d) Rain, rain, go away,
Come again another day.
e) Billy, Billy, come and play
While the sun shines bright today.
Letter “E”
a) A man of words and not of deeds
Is like a garden full of weeds.
b) He speaks Chinese and Japanese with equal ease.
c) Easy come easy go.
Letters “I, Y”
a) Mike likes spicy pies with fried pike.
b) Hi, Mike! I’m busy typing. I have ninety-nine pages to type by Friday.
c) Out of sight out of mind.
Variety is a spice of life.
d) Why do you cry, Willy?
Why do you cry?
Why, Willy, why, Willy?
Why, Willy, why?
Letter “O”
a) The road below goes from Rome to the south coast. We are very close to our home.
b) Chip-chop, chip-chop,
Chipper-chopper Joe,
One big blow.
Oh! My toe!
Ex. 3.7 Put the words given below into a suitable column according to the rules of reading of stressed vowels:
Twilight, crying, Friday, magic, transport, limit, fiddle, panic, student, trying, bypass, never, uncle, letter, river, alphabet, timid, numeral, being, stupid, apricot, atomic, cinema, majority, better, hunting, visit, novel, palace, luggage, sentence, alcoholic, beginner, British, cucumber, famine, forever, Labrador, laser, microphone, noble, novel, poet, printer, puritan, puzzle, regular, Roman, secret, stupidity, syllabic, typical.
| Primary long meaning | Primary short meaning |
Ex. 3.8 Read the following words and see how –e changes the pronunciation
| WITHOUT –e: WITH –e: |
| NOW PRONOUNCE: man same take that lemonade bale safe tap tape | ||||||||||||
| WITHOUT –e: WITH –e: |
| NOW PRONOUNCE: fit inside still mile hid ride tide like pipe strip | ||||||||||||
| WITHOUT –e: WITH –e: |
| NOW PRONOUNCE: job stone rose God joke dome bone on spot coke | ||||||||||||
| WITHOUT –e: WITH –e: |
| NOW PRONOUNCE: much fuse cube cub fuss tune gun fun duke luck | ||||||||||||
| EXCEPTIONS: some come one have give live love | ||||||||||||||
Ex. 3.9 Place the following words in the grids according to their vowel sound:
Rich, curl, month, cart, suit, breath, flashed, loom, herd, still, hemmed, torn, scene, cruise, floor, dock, just, don, sword, hoop, banned, rang, bin, love, hat, bird, stabbed, hood, farm, ought, ridge, ton, cloth, chalk, hoot, son, link, next, calm, germ, hymn, cab, wood, breath, creep, itch, blood, cough, should, could, black, said, foot, monk, dog, stood, piece, arch, move, purr, feast, palm, pearl, edge, shopped, eve, barred, soup, leaf, bard, begged.
Short vowel sounds
| [I] | [æ] | [e] | [υ] | [o] | [Λ] |
Long vowel sounds:
| [i:] | [3:] | [ɑ:] | [o:] | [u:] |
TEST I
1. Divide into groups and transcribe these words:
Worry, student, apricot, oppose, novel, after, magic, limit, visit, excuse, sentence, bypass, money.
| primary alphabetical meaning | primary short meaning | secondary meaning |
2. Find the odd word:
a) little, silly, fiddle, middle, quite
b) tragic, pathetic, paste, falls
c) ruling, tulip, truthful, trustee, numeral
3. Transcribe these words:
Archery, point, cricket, victory, golf, runner-up, water polo, racket, rugby, swimming, championship, spectator.
TEST II
1. Divide into groups and transcribe these words:
Cinema, never, crying, stupid, numeral, uncle, Monday, figure-skating, war, river, panic, staff, hunting, transport.
| primary alphabetical meaning | primary short meaning | secondary meaning |
2. Find the odd word:
a) doing, hunting, uncle, cinema, magic
b) stupid, trying, Friday, April, silly
c) student, numeral, never, crying, being
3. Transcribe the words:
Fibre, April, going, render, family, avid, cavity, facet, lady, fever, over, funeral, fencing.
4. Reading of Stressed Vowels in Combination with the Letter ”r”
VOWEL LETTERS + “R”
| vowel | + “r” + vowel + vowel + ”r” + vowel + ”l/n” | + “r” + consonant + final “r” |
| Aa | [εə] fair, fare | [α:] farm, far |
| Ee | [ıə] here, hero, neon | [3:] herbal, her |
| Ii | [aıə] liar, fire, giant | [3:] firm, fir |
| Oo | [  :]
boar, more
| [ :]
north, for
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| Uu | [(j)υə] pure, sure, fuel | [3:] surf, fur |
| Yy | [aıə] tyrant | [3:] byrd |
Ex. 4.1
a) Name the stressed sound of every line:
1. share, rare, care, compare, prepare, hare.
2. here, mere, sphere, material, serial, period.
3. fire, lyre, hire, tired, wire, satire.
4. pure, cure, lure, curious, during, secure.
5. more, shore, explore, before, store.
b) Read these words according to the rules:
Letter “A” (primary short and long meanings):
| farce arch scarf | market alarm jar | fare Mary daring | sharing snare care |
Letter “E” (primary short and long meanings):
| germ perch mercy | verse concern German | hero mere inhere | era severe zero |
Letters “I/Y” (primary short and long meanings):
| thirty birch smirch | shirk circle quirt | fire lyre tyre | require wire quire |
Letter “U” (primary short and long meanings):
| turn further lurch | Thursday curtains turkey | endure cure pure | obscure fury curious |
Letter “O” (primary short and long meanings):
| storm mort orchard | pork force thorn | core shore score | wore oral forehead |
Ex.4.2
a) Make words with these beginnings and write them in the correct part of the table:
| Beginnings ba fa ra da sta squa ca ha cha Endings r re lf ir rd rt lm |
| Words with the vowel [α:] | Words with the vowel [εə] |
| bar | bare |
b) Divide the words into groups according to the sounds:
Air, bear, deer, square, tour, real, giant, your, near, ear, pair, oar, more, secure, cure, fire, lure, lyre, pure, satire, board, fair, hair, hear, dear, tire, fuel, sore, our, area, near, pier, hour, fire, mere, real, diamond, ear, fierce, science, vary, zero, theory, fuel, ore, millionaire, lair, mere, where, trial, work, earn, sergeant, warm, worm, heart, world, merry, persuade, nurse, harp, early, scarcely, clerk, form, target, learn, hurry, bird, persue, war, firm, circus, turn, farm, earth, word, market, girl, fir, bargain, turkey, mortar, swirl, sword, order, urgently, orchid, appear, observe, persue, surface, disregard, perm, sardines, require, depart, quarrel.
Ex.4.3 Read as quickly as possible:
1. Hares, rare hares, take care of rare hares; my parents take care of rare hares. My parents rarely take care of rare hares and canaries.
2. Football, more than football, basketballs more than football, adore basketball more than football, boys adore basketball more than football, tall boys adore basketball more than football. Almost all tall boys adore basketball more than football.
3. The theory, the theory of this experienced engineer is clear, the theory of this experienced engineer is really clear. My dear! The theory of this experienced engineer is really clear.
4. Near an ear, a nearer ear, a nearly eerie ear.
5. Cheers, dear! Cheers! Here’s to the bearded mountaineer!
6. Charming, large and charming, farms are large and charming, gardens and farms are large and charming. The parks, gardens and farms are large and charming.
7. A girl, a circus girl, Pearl is a circus girl, Pearl is a circus girl who works, Pearl is a circus girl who works with birds.
8. Her work, her work in workshop, her work in a dirty workshop, her work in a dirty workshop was the worst. Her work in a dirty workshop was the worst in the world.
Ex. 4.4 Pick out the odd word:
1. term, clerk, serve, perfect.
2. target, farm, warm, market.
3. learn, earth, pearl, heart.
4. Vernon, terrible, merry, hurry.
5. word, work, world, war.
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6. first, fur, far, turn.
7. girl, shirk, wire, birch, birth.
8. earn, learn, heart, early.
9. worm, worn, world, work.
10. nurse, lurk, hurry, hurt, suburb.
11. advertisement, university, reserved, western.
Ex. 4.5 Put the words into three columns:
| [ɑ:] | [ɔ:] | [з:] |
Tardy, sort, purge, war, heart, dormant, world, port, darling, warm, earn, lord, work, partake, furbish, learn, mortify, clerk, purblind, portly, sergeant, dart, further, partner.
