2020-04-20
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| steady growth energy superpower oil prices grain exporter modernization of infrastructure market economy resource-rich countries privatized corporate farms |
1. One of the problems of economic development of Russia is_______________.
2. In 1998, when an economic crisis hit the East Asian Tigers, _____________ began to fall around the world.
3. In recent years, Russia has frequently been described in the media as an_____________.
4. Russia is considered well ahead of most other ________________in its development.
5. In 1999-2010, Russia’s agriculture demonstrated ___________, and the country turned from a grain importer to the third largest________________after EU and USA.
6. Credit policy of the government helped both individual farmers and large ___________.
7. Russia has a ________________ with enormous natural resources, particularly oil and gas.
4. Translate into English:
1. Экономика России представляет собой рыночную экономику.
2. Падение цен на нефть в 1998 году привело к очень тяжелой экономической ситуации в России.
3. Национальный валовый продукт стабильно увеличивался год за годом, и иностранные инвесторы почувствовали себя уверенно, вкладывая свой капитал в российскую экономику.
4. Нефть, природный газ, металлы, строительный лес составляют более 80% российского экспорта.
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5. Новая политика кредитования значительно помогла восстановлению сельского хозяйства в России.
6. Одной из проблем экономического развития в России является модернизация инфраструктуры.
Grammar Revision. Modal Verbs.
Complete sentences 1 to 8 with suitable endings a) to h).
1. It’s getting late a) so we don’t need to order any more yet.
2. I can work from home b) so we must not make a mistake.
3. I’ve been transferred to Russia c) so you must not forget to back up the
files.
4. This deal is too important to lose d) so you’ll have to stay and finish it.
5. We lost our database once before e) so I have to learn some Russian.
6. I’m afraid this report is urgent f) so we have to go.
7. I think we are all in agreement g) so I don’t have to go into the office
much.
8. We’ve still got plenty of chemicals h) so we don’t need to discuss it any
in our laboratory further.
READING FOR INFORMATION
SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY
Science and Technology in Russia have blossomed since the Age of Enlightenment, when Peter the Great founded the Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint Petersburg University, and Mikhail Lomonosov established Moscow State University, paving the way for a strong native tradition in learning and innovation. In the 19th and 20th centuries the country produced a large number of notable scientists and inventors.
The Russian physics school began with Lomonosov who proposed the Law of Conservation of Matter preceding the Energy Conservation Law. Russian discoveries and inventions in physics include the electric arc, electrodynamical Lenz’s law, space groups of crystals, photoelectric cell, electron paramagnetic resonance and many others.
Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleyev invented the Periodic Table, the main framework of modern chemistry.
Russian achievements in the field of space technology and space exploration are traced back to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the father of theoretical austronautics. In 1957 the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, Sputnic 1, was launched. In 1961 Yury Gagarin made a space flight on board the spaceship “Vostok”. Nowadays Russia is the largest satellite launcher and the only provider of transport for space tourism.
In 2010, an economy class hybrid electric car project was introduced, called Yo-mobil, that will be massed produced by ë-Auto, a Russian company that is a joint venture of truck maker Yarovit and the Onexim investment group.
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Recently the government has launched a campaign aimed at modernization and innovation. Top 5 priorities for the country’s technological development have been formulated: efficient energy use, IT, space technology, nuclear energy and pharmaceuticals.
What has Russia given to the world science and technology? Choose the most important thing and prepare a short talk about it.
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS
There are seven public holidays in Russia, except those ones always celebrated on Sunday. Russian New Year traditions resemble those of the Western Christmas, with New Year Trees and gifts, and Ded Moroz playing the same role as Santa Claus. Orthodox Christmas falls on 7 January, because Russian Orthodox Church still follows the Julian calendar and all Orthodox holidays are 13 days after Catholic ones. Another two major Christian holidays are Easter and Trinity Sunday.
Other Russian public holidays include Defender of the Fatherland Day, which honors Russian men, especially those serving in the army; International Women’s Day; Spring and Labour Day; Victory Day; Russia Day; and Unity Day, commemorating the popular uprising which expelled the Polish occupation force from Moscow in 1612.
Victory Day is the second most popular holiday in Russia; it commemorates the victory over Nazism in the Great Patriotic War. A huge military parade, hosted by the President of Russia, is annually organized in Moscow.
Make sure that you know the Russian national holidays and festivals and match the names of the holidays with their dates:
1 January Russia Day
7 January Orthodox Christmas
23 February New Year Holiday
8 March Victory Day
March/April Day of People’s Unity
1 May Easter
9 May International Women’s Day
12 June Day of Spring and Labour
4 November The Fatherland Defender’s Day
