2020-04-20
266
RUSSIA
Методические указания
(английский язык)
Санкт-Петербург
2012
УДК 802.0 /075.8/.
Григорьева Е.В. Russia: методические указания / Е.В. Григорьева. – СПб.: СПбГТИ(ТУ), 2012. – 19 с.
Данные методические указания предназначены для использования на занятиях по английскому языку на 2 курсе всех факультетов по разговорной теме «Российская Федерация». Пособие состоит из двух частей. Первая часть включает в себя пять текстов для аудиторной работы, в которых представлена общая информация о стране – историческая справка, политические условия, географическое положение, климат, население, экономическое положение. Все тексты снабжены лексическими упражнениями, а также упражнениями на повторение грамматики.
Во второй части методических указаний представлены тексты и задания для информационного чтения. Они могут быть использованы для подготовки индивидуальных сообщений по теме.
Рецензент: Ребикова Л.Д.,
кандидат филологических наук, доцент
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кафедры делового иностранного языка
филологического факультета
Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета
Утверждены на заседании учебно-методической комиссии гуманитарного отделения от
Рекомендовано к изданию РИСо СПБГТИ(ТУ)
CONTENTS
Lead-in.....................................................4
Text 1. History...............................................5
Text 2. Politics...............................................7
Text 3. Geography and Climate..................................9
Text 4. Population and Language................................ 10
Text 5. Economy.............................................12
Reading for Information....................................... 14
Литература………………………………………………………………..18
Russia has always been a country of mystery and attraction for foreigners. Winston Churchill once said that Russia “is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma”.
We, people living in Russia, love our country and are proud of it, and we would like other nations to understand and love our homeland. That’s why it’s important to learn to speak about ourselves.
LEAD-IN
See if you can answer these questions about Russia.
1. What is the official name of our country?
2. Who was the first Russian President?
3. Who is Russian President at the moment?
4. Who is its Prime Minister?
5. When did Russia stop being a monarchy?
6. What is its capital?
7. What waters is the country washed by?
8. What main Russian rivers do you know?
9. What can you say about Lake Baikal?
10. What do you think are the most important events in the history of Russia?
11. Can you name any famous people of Russia? What are they famous for?
12. What symbols of Russia do you know?
Choose the right answer.
1. The official name of our country is __________.
a) Russia b) the Russian Federation c) the Republic of the Russian Federation
2. The National Government of Russia consists of ____________.
a) the President and b) the President and the c) the President, the Council of
the Prime Minister Council of Ministers Ministers and the Federal
Assembly
3. There are _________ Houses in the Federal Assembly.
a) two b) three c) four
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4. The population of Russia is about ____________.
a) 143 000 000 b) 48 000 000 c) 258 000 000
5. The Head of the Russian Federation is __________.
a) the President b) the Prime Minister c) the Speaker of the State Duma
6. Russia is a land of over __________ nationalities.
a) 10 b) 100 c) 1000
7. The key symbol of Russia is __________.
a) troika b) Matryoshka c) balalaika
8. The five ancient Russian towns which are known as the Golden Ring include Rostov Veliky, Suzdal, Vladimir, Zvenigorod and _________.
a) Tver b) Smolensk c) Yaroslavl
9. The national tree in Russia is _________.
a) oak b) birch c) fur-tree
10. The original name of the city founded on the Neva banks by Peter the Great was ____________.
a) Petrograd b) St. Petersburg c) Leningrad
Do you know that...
… the Romanov tsars are blood relatives of the Windsors? Tsar Nicholas II was a cousin of the Queen’s grandfather. His wife, Alexandra grew up at the court of her grandmother Queen Victoria.
... Moscow, the capital of Russia was named after the River Moskva on which it stands? The name of the river has many possible origins. For example a) from Slavonic moskva – “wet, swampy”; b) from Slavonic most-kva – “bridge water”; c) from Finno-Ugrian mosca – “river, water”.
TEXT 1. HISTORY
The nation’s history began with that of the East Slavs, who emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. The medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states. Most of the Rus’ lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the Golden Horde. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus. By the 18th century, the nation expanded to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland in Europe to Alaska in North America. Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 during the reign of Peter the Great. The reforms of Peter the Great brought considerable Western European cultural influences to Russia.
Following the October Revolution of 1917, Russia became the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world’s first socialist state, which consisted of 15 republics. The Russian Federation was founded following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Boris Yeltsin was elected the President of Russia in June 1991, in the first presidential election in Russian history.
AD – Anno Domini; used to show that a date is a particular number of years after the birth of Christ.
1. Answer the following questions:
1. When did the history of Russia begin?
2. What is the Golden Horde?
3. When was Russia proclaimed an Empire?
4. What were the results of the reforms of Peter the Great?
5. When did the October Revolution take place?
6. What was the world’s first socialist state?
7. How many republics did it consist of? What was the leading constituent of that country?
8. When was the Russian Federation founded?
9. Who was the first elected President of Russia?
Match these important dates in the history of Russia with the events.
1147 Napoleon tries to conquer Russia
1237 the USSR enters World War II
1613 Alexander II writes the decree abolishing serfdom
1703 Khan Batyi of the Golden Horde conquers Moscow, the Tartar yoke
which lasted until the 16 century begins
1812 Peter the Great founds St. Petersburg on 16 May
1861 the USSR breaks up
1917 Moscow hosts the XX Olympic Games
1941 Mikhail Romanov is elected Tsar of all Russia, the Romanov dynasty
begins
1980 the October Revolution takes place
1991 Yuri Dolgoruky founds Moscow
3. Match words from the text with their Russian equivalents:
1. constituent a) появляться
2. dissolution b) княжество
3. emerge c) составная часть
4. proclaim d) наследие
5. Golden Horde e) Великое княжество
6. medieval f) распад
7. recognizable g) провозглашать
8. tributary h)средневековый
9. Grand Duchy i) субъект, платящий дань
10. legacy j) Золотая Орда
11. principality k) узнаваемая
4. Translate into English:
1. Восточные славяне появились в Европе в 3-8 веках нашей эры.
2. Средневековое государство Русь возникло в 9 веке.
3. Россия была провозглашена империей в 1721 году во времена царствования Петра Великого.
4. Российская Империя простиралась от Польши в Европе до Аляски в Северной Америке.
5. После Октябрьской революции 1917 года Россия стала основной составной частью первого в мире социалистического государства – Советского Союза.
TEXT 2. POLITICS
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According to the Constitution of Russia, which is the highest law of the Russian Federation, the country is a federation and semi -presidential republic, wherein the President is the head of the state and the Prime Minister is the head of the government. The Russian Federation comprises 83 federal subjects. The state power in Russia consists of three branches: legislative, executiv e and judiciary.
The legislative branch is represented by the bicameral Federal Assembly, made up of the State Duma and the Federation Council. It adopts federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse and the power of impeachment of the President. The President is the commander-in-chief of the military, he can veto legislative bills before they become laws, he appoints the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies. The president is elected by popular vote for a six-year term.
The executive power belongs to the government.
The judiciary branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, Supreme Court of Arbitration and lower federal courts.
The Russian Federation is fundamentally structured as a multi-party representative democracy. Leading political parties in Russia include United Russia, the Communist Party, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, and Fair Russia.
