2020-04-12
1676
One day the new clerk came with an eye closed, left arm injured, right foot bleeding and with all his clothes badly torn (разорванный). The director asked him:
“Why are you late by two hours?"
The clerk answered: "I fell out of an eight-storey window” (из окна 8 этажа).
The director smiled: "And it took you two hours for that?”
Тема 9.4. Heatstroke. Sunstroke / Тепловой удар. олнечный удар
Level A
We learn the new words / Мы учим новые слова:
Heatstroke
Failure
Thermostat
Brain
Fever
Overheated
Drug
Exhaustion
Restlessness
Confusion
Response
Spray
Arrive.
Armpits
We read / Мы читаем
Heatstroke
Heatstroke is caused by a failure of the thermostat in the brain which regulates the body temperature. If someone has a high fever or has been exposed to heat for a long time, then their body can become dangerously overheated.
Someone can also get heatstroke after using drugs such as ecstasy.
Sometimes, people get heatstroke after suffering from heat exhaustion. When someone gets too dehydrated they stop sweating which means their body can’t cool down anymore, so they develop heatstroke.
Heatstroke can develop with very little warning, causing unresponsiveness within minutes of someone feeling unwell. Your priority is to cool them down as quickly as possible and get them to hospital.
What to look for - heatstroke
These are the six key things to look for:
1. Headache, dizziness and discomfort
2. Restlessness and confusion
3. Hot flushed and dry skin
4. A fast deterioration in the level of response
5. Body temperature above 40°C (104°F)
Call 112
Heat stroke is a medical emergency. Seek immediate emergency care if you think someone might have heat stroke.
Lower Body Temperature While Waiting for Emergency Services to Arrive.
· Get the person into air conditioning if possible or out of the sun and into the shade.
· Spray the person with cool water, or apply cold wet clothes or ice packs to the armpits, neck, and groin. Fan air across the person to increase cooling. These methods help cool the person more quickly.
· Do not give the person anything to drink if the person is not alert or is vomiting.reat Symptoms
· If the person experiences seizures, keep him or her safe from injury.
· If the person vomits, turn the person on his or her side to keep the airway open.
· Follow Up
At the hospital, health care providers will rehydrate the person and continue cooling as needed.
Level B
Reading
What you need to do - heatstroke
• Quickly move them to a cool place and remove their outer clothing but ensure you maintain their dignity.
• Then call 999/112 for an ambulance.
• Wrap them in a cold wet sheet and keep pouring cold water over it until their temperature falls to at least 38°C (or 100.4°F). Measure this with a thermometer under their tongue or under their armpit.
• If you can’t find a sheet, fan them or sponge them down with cold water to keep them cool.
• Once their temperature seems to have gone back to normal, replace the wet sheet with a dry sheet.
• While waiting for help to arrive, keep checking their temperature, as well as their breathing, pulse and level of response.
• If they start getting hot again, repeat the cooling process to lower their temperature.
• If they lose responsiveness at any point, open their airway, check their breathing and prepare to treat someone who’s become unresponsive.
· If a child has stopped breathing, begin rescue breathing.
· Do not give aspirin or acetaminophen to reduce a high body temperature that can occur with heatstroke. These medicines may cause problems because of the body's response to heatstroke.
· If the person is awake and alert enough to swallow, give the person fluids [32 fl oz (1 L) to 64 fl oz (2 L) over 1 to 2 hours] for hydration. Most people with heatstroke have an altered level of consciousness and cannot safely be given fluids to drink. You may have to help. Make sure the person is sitting up enough so that he or she does not choke.
Speaking
Act the dialogue out:
In the Country
| Pete: | Ma, where are you? |
| Mother: | I am in the kitchen, Pete. What’s the matter? |
| Pete: | My friend Nick feels bad. He has a bad headache and his skin is very hot. |
| Mother: | Where is he? |
| Pete: | He is on the bank of the river. He was lying in the sun for a long time. |
| Mother: | He probably has a sunstroke. Is anybody with him? |
| Pete: | Yes, Boris is there. |
| Mother: | Don't waste time. Run back quickly and take Nick to a shady place. Raise his head a little. Put a wet cloth on his head. I'll take some medicine and come in a minute. |
probably /'рrɔbǝbli/ adv вероятно
to waste /weist/ терять
to waste time - терять время
Abbreviations: learn these abbreviations
| ABD | abdominal |
| AMI | acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) |
| bpm / BPM | beats per minute / breaths per minute |
| c/o | complaining of |
| BHT | blunt head trauma |
| bilat. | bilaterally (on both sides) |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident (stroke) |
| Fx | fracture |
| N | nausea |
| EtOH | alcohol |
Тема 9.5. Fainting. The Present Perfect Tense / Обморок. Настоящее совершенное время
Level A
We learn the new words / Мы учим новые слова:
fainting /'feintiŋ/ n обморок
cause /kɔ:z/ n причина
to cause - v вызывать
emotion /i'mouʃǝn/ n душевное волнение
want of food - голод
fatigue /fǝ'ti:g/ n усталость
lose consciousness /'lu:z ˊkɔnʃǝsnis/ - терять сознание
brain /brein/ n мозг
sweat /swet/ n пот, испарина
to feel dizzy - чувствовать головооружение
weak /wi:k/ аdj слабый
shallow /ˊʃælou/ аdj поверхностный
slow /slou/ аdj медленный
to lay /lei/ v (laid, laid) положить
flat /flæt/ adv плоско
to loose /lu:s/ v зд. ослабить
to cover /'kʌvǝ/ n покрывать
to sprinkle /spriŋkl/ v брызгать
shock /ʃɔk/ шок
rapid /'ræpid/ аdj учащенный
dangerous /deinʤrǝs/ adj onасный
to keep him quiet /'kwaiǝt/ не тревожить его
loss n потеря
We read / Мы читаем
Text 1
Fainting
The cause of fainting may be different: strong emotion, want of food, fatigue or pain. In fainting person loses consciousness. Blood doesn't get to the brain. The face of a person before fainting gets very pale and sweat appears on his forehead. He feels dizzy and weak. His breathing is shallow. His pulse is weak and slow.
If you help a person who lost his consciousness:
1. Lay the person flat on his back.
2. Raise his feet a little.
3. Loose his dress.
4. Cover him warmly and open the window.
5. Sprinkle cold water on his face.
6. Give the person to breathe in liquid ammonia (нашатырный спирт).
Say it in Russian / Скажите это по-русски:
the cause of fainting; want of food; the face gets pale; sweat appears; he feels dizzy; shallow breathing; weak pulse; slow pulse
Text 2
Shock
Shock is very dangerous. Loss of blood can cause shock. Severe pain or strong emotion can cause shock too.
The face of a person in shock is usually pale and the skin is cold. Breathing is rapid and shallow. The pulse is rapid.
If you help a person who is in shock:
1. Lay him flat on his back.
2. Raise his feet little.
3. Cover him with blankets to keep him warm.
4. Give him a warm drink.
5. Keep him quiet.
Say it in English / Скажите это по-английски:
очень опасен; потеря крови; вызвать шок; кожа холодная; учащенное дыхание; положить на спину; поднять ноги; накрыть одеялом; теплое питье.
Вставьте вместо точек нужные по смыслу слова (rapid, pale, to keep warm, flat, back); прочитайте каждое предложение целиком и повторите его, не глядя в книгу.
1. When a person is in shock his face is... 2. The pulse and breathing of a person in shock are.... 3. If you help a person in shock lay him... on his.... 4. It is important... a person in shock.
Text 3
