2020-05-21
94
1. Составьте рассказ по теме «Формы организации бизнеса».
2. Прочитайте и передайте содержание текста.
What is Business?
Business is a word which is commonly used in many different languages. But exactly what does it mean? The concepts and activities of business have increased in modern times. Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed. Today it has a more technical definition. One definition of business is the production, distribution, and sale of goods and services for profit. To examine this definition, we will look at its various parts. First, production is the creation of services or the changing of materials into products. One example is the conversion of iron ore into metal car parts. Next these products need to be moved from the factory to the marketplace. This is known as distribution. A car might be moved from factory in Detroit to a car dealership in Miami. Third is the sale of goods and services. Sale is the exchange of a product or service for money. A car is sold to someone in exchange for money. Goods are products which people either need or want, for example, cars can be classified as goods. Services, on the other hand, are activities which a person or group performs for another person or organization. For instance, an auto mechanic performs a service when he repairs a car. A doctor also performs a service by taking care of people when they are sick. Business, then, is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution, and sale. However, there is one other important factor. This factor is the creation of profit or economic surplus. A major goal in the functioning of an American business company is making a profit. Profit is the money that remains after all the expenses are paid. Creating an economic surplus or profit is, therefore, a primary goal of business activity.
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3. Составьте диалог по ситуации «На выставке».
Экзаменационный билет № 6
1. Составьте рассказ по теме «Достоинства и недостатки форм организации бизнеса».
2. Прочитайте и передайте содержание текста.
Types of Advertising
There are basically three types of advertising, namely:
1. Consumer advertising is advertising aimed at the ordinary consumer and is typified by what is seen on TV, heard on the radio or read in newspapers, magazines and so forth. This is mass communication aimed at large numbers of potential purchasers in an effort to pre-sell advertiser’s products to them and to create demand from targeted consumers.
2. Trade advertising, i.e. advertising aimed at wholesalers, retailers, brokers, agents and those who are part of an advertiser's distribution system. Wholesalers buy from the advertiser, retailers buy from me wholesaler and sell to the consumer. The purpose of trade advertising is to persuade wholesalers and retailers to stock the advertiser's products, which in turn is easier for the consumer to find and purchase the advertiser’s product.
3. Business to users advertising, i.e. advertising directed at industrial consumers. Here, advertisers' products are bought by industrial customers, who use them as suppliers of services, e.g. raw materials, or as consumers, e.g. buyers of disposable hats.
4. The basic principles of advertising are common to each type of advertising, apart from the fact that orientation and media selection will tend to be more specialized for the second and third types of advertising.5. There are five stages through which a potential consumer passes before adopting a new product. We might call these acceptance stages, as follows. Each individual is likely to go through the process at a different rate and many will not become regular users.
3. Составьте резюме.
Экзаменационный билет № 7
1. Составьте рассказ по теме «Деловая переписка».
2. Прочитайте и передайте содержание текста.
Employment
Getting a job is a very hard period in the life of most people. Companies choose an employee from hundreds of candidates according to special rules, that's why there're special 'typical' factors, influencing on employer's choice. Among such factors are: age, sex, experience, family background and marital status, personality and references. If you're to go to an interview tomorrow, sleep well before it and don't forget your CV at home - is the basic rule. Moreover, there're some recommendations, which can help you, for example, to read annual report, or company newspaper of the company to show your understanding of the corporate strategy on the interview. What's more, you should choose corresponding dress code for the interview. Even such advices are to help you make a good impression; some companies don't want to hire a man, who follows every advice. To illustrate this, I can quote Artemiy Lebedev, the most famous Russian web-designer: "If you enclose a standard stupid resume, written by the rules of American bureaucracy, we would delete it immediately after receiving. If your CV is composed according to all rules, we wouldn't choose you, as we might think, that your profession is to acquire a job". After getting a job, you may have some unexpected troubles with boss, too: e.g. if you dye your hair or wear something not appropriate. The best solution of such situation is to ask a trade union for advice, which can always help you in your fight with an employer. Of course, if you affect company discipline not coming in time or working badly, your dismissal wouldn't be unfair. To conclude, I can say that it is sometimes hard not only to get a job, but also to work in the staff, and if you don't want to be laid off, you should follow company rules, it is a must.
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3. Составьте диалог по ситуации «Собеседование».
Экзаменационный билет № 8
1. Составьте рассказ по теме «Контракт».
2. Прочитайте и передайте содержание текста.
Business Trips
Never before in the history of the world have businessmen traveled so much as they do today. It is not surprising because we are living in a world of growing international trade and expanding economic and technical cooperation. Fascinating though it is for tourist travelling, however, has become the most tiring of all the occupations for many businessmen and experts. Choosing a comfortable hotel to stay at is, therefore, a matter of some importance. There are plenty of good hotels, motels, and guest houses. Many developing countries, such as India, Egypt, Nigeria, etc have excellent hotels. Their numerous facilities include both: large and small cocktail barber's shops and conference halls, equipped with simultaneous, multilingual translation systems. There are parking areas which can accomodate a lot of cars. It might be useful for travelling businessmen and tourists to know that tailor shops, shoe repair shops and laundry, dry cleaning services are available for guests. People in the office help guests to book train or steamer tickets and rent a car. They are also ready to give all necessary information. Nowadays people who go on business mostly travel by air as it is the fastest means of travelling. Passengers are requested to arrive at the airport 2 hours before departure time on international flights and an hour on domestic flights as there must be enough time to complete the necessary airport formalities. Passengers must register their tickets, weigh and register the luggage. Most airlines have at least 2 classes of travel: first class and economy class which is cheaper. Each passenger of more than 2 years of age has a free luggage allowance. Generally this limit is 20kg for economic class passenger and 30kg for first class passenger. Excess luggage must be paid for except for some articles that can be carried free of charge. Each passenger is given a boarding pass to be shown at departure gate and again to the stewardess when boarding the plane. Watch the electric sign flashes when you are on board, when the "Fasten Seat Belts" sign goes on do, it promptly and also obey the "No Smoking" signal.
3. Составьте диалог по ситуации «На фирме».
