2020-06-12
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1. Thank you for listening.
2. Let’s move on to …
3. Are there any questions?
4. This diagram shows …
5. So, in conclusion …
6. As you can see …
7. My next point is …
8. If you look at the next slide …
Connecting the points __________
Referring to AV aids ___________
Finishing ____________________
UNIT 3
Presentation delivery: Main Body
1. Read and discuss:
The body is the 'real' presentation. If the introduction was well prepared and delivered, you will now be 'in control'. You will be relaxed and confident. The body should be well structured, divided up logically, with plenty of carefully spaced visuals.
Remember these key points while delivering the body of your presentation:
ü do not hurry
ü be enthusiastic
ü give time on visuals
ü maintain eye contact
ü modulate your voice
ü look friendly
ü keep to your structure
ü use your notes
ü signpost throughout
ü remain polite when dealing with difficult questions
What information should you give in your talk? All the information should support the goal of your presentation. In most cases you will have to limit the content, as time is usually precious!
How much information should you give? Enough to clearly develop your ideas. Do not forget to illustrate through examples. The middle/main part of your presentation should outline your argument or develop your story:
ü In five minutes you will only have time for two or three main points and allow everything else to support these. List your main headings and any key phrases you will use.
ü Don't try to say pack too much content in or you will talk non-stop trying to get all your content and the audience will switch off with information overload long before the end.
ü Use graphics or anecdotes to add variety.
Here are a few possibilities for organizing your ideas: logical; chronological order; from general to specific; from known to unknown; from accepted to controversial; cause/effect; problem/solution.
Whichever strategy you choose, the headings should all follow the same grammatical form. For example:
Getting the learners’ view
ü Questionnaires
ü Observations
ü Interviews
All the above phrases have the same grammatical pattern
And not
Getting the learners’ view
Using questionnaires
Conduct observations
It is necessary to provide interviews
Just as when you are driving along a road that you don't know very well, you depend on signs to guide you, you need to guide the audience by using expressions to tell them where you are going. For example, first announce what you are going to say (give an example, reformulate etc.) and then say what you want to say. This is akin (сродни) to verbal punctuation. Indicate when you have finished one point and then go on to the next one. It is redundant in text but very useful in oral presentations. Experienced presenters will also clearly pause, change their pose and the pitch of their voice as they move from one part of a presentation to another.
Check your knowledge
Exercise 1. Imagine that you are to give a presentation. Do the quiz about body language and discuss your answers with a partner. More than one answer is possible.
1. What should you do when you feel nervous?
a. Hold a pen or cards in your hands.
b. Try to speak slowly and calmly.
c. Look at the screen. (not at the audience)
2. How should you express enthusiasm?
a. By establishing eye contact with each member of the
audience.
b. By waving your arms.
c. By raising your voice and making hand or arm gestures
during important points.
3. How should you stand?
a. Relaxed or leaning against the wall (table).
b. Straight, but relaxed with your hands by your sides.
c. Arms crossed over your chest.
d. Back turned to the audience.
4. How should you maintain eye contact with the audience?
a. Focus on a small amount of people and look at them as
often as possible.
b. Look at your notes, the screen or the floor.
c. Spread your attention around the audience, and make
eye contact with each person.
5. How should you emphasize something?
a. Move forward to show that something is important.
b. Use a pen or a pointer to draw attention to important
parts of the presentation.
c. Use your finger to point out important parts of the
presentation.
6. How should you speak?
a. Speak with the same, flat, monotonous voice throughout
your presentation.
b. At either normal speed or slightly slower than usual.
c. Speak changing your voice in either a high or a low tone.
Exercise 2. Complete the list of “signposting” phrases with useful phrases from the box given below.
Let’s go back to what we were discussing earlier…
In this part of my presentation, I’d like…
Let me briefly summarize the main issues.
This brings me to the end of my second (third, etc.) point…
As I said earlier…
Let’s now turn to the next issue…
I’d like to sum up the main points.
So much for …
As I mentioned previously…
Let’s move on to the next point.
This leads us to my next point…
Let me give you a brief overview of…
1. Saying what is coming in the next part
______________________________
______________________________
2. Moving on to the next point
______________________________
______________________________
3. Indicating the end of a section
______________________________
______________________________
4. Referring back to
______________________________
______________________________
5. Summarizing a point
______________________________
______________________________
Exercise 3. Match the two parts to make sentences.
1. This brings
2. This leads
3. Let’s now turn to
4. As I mentioned
5. I’d like to
6. Let’s go back to what
7. As I said earlier
a. the issue of environmental pollution.
b. come back to this question later.
c. we were discussing earlier.
d. us directly to my next question.
e. earlier, I’d like to give you a brief overview of…
f. I’ll be focusing on the advantages of the technology.
g. to the next point, which is price.
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with words from the box according to the meanings.
| cope with take care of identify clarify deal with |
I think it’s important to ____ the problem as soon as possible.
ü to find or discover a problem
ü to make sth easier to understand
ü to solve a problem, to perform a task
ü to deal successfully with sth difficult
ü to be responsible for or to deal with a situation or task
