2020-06-08
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| 1. Lots of things have happened | you just arrived? |
| 2. Hi John, have | film I’ve ever seen. |
| 3. He has never | for two years. |
| 4. It’s the most boring | since I last called you on Skype. |
| 5. I haven’t smoked | driven a car before. |
3. Составьте предложения, используя Present Perfect.
William / buy / tickets / for / match. (already) - William has already bought the tickets for the match.
1) Sally / rake / leaves/? (yet)
2) We / be/ to London / four times (already)
3) I / not buy/ new soft toys (yet)
4) David / not pick up / litter (yet)
5) Dorothy / collect / secondhand books (just)
4. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Perfect
1) John and Carol ________________________________ (not / watch) the cartoons yet.
2) They ______________________________________(finish) their test.
3) ___________________________________(do / they) their English homework?
4) How long ________________ your mom ________________(work) for Microsoft?
5) My father ___________________ just __________________________(wash) the car.
Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect или Past Simple.
1. I ___________________ (never / go) to Vienna.
2. My great-great-grandfather ___________________ (have) five sisters.
3. He ___________________ (live) in Manila for a year when he was a student.
4. Oh no! I ___________________ (lose) my wallet!
5. At the last weekend, they __________ (play) football, then they ___________ (go) to a restaurant.
Tradition
We all know when New Year is, right? Well, actually, it depends which calendar you use. Russians are lucky, they celebrate twice.
People counted time in many different ways until the Romans changed everyone to their system of counting time from the date Rome was founded. After Rome conquered Egypt, Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar based on a Babylonian model. It had 365 days divided into 12 months with an extra day every fourth year.
Then, in 527 AD, a Roman abbot, Dionysius Exiguus, brought in the Anno Domini calendar numbering the years from Jesus' birth. However, every 131 years the calendar would be out by one day, since the distance the earth travelled around the sun grew shorter from 365,2422 to 365,2419 days. Over the centuries this became a problem, as Easter was later and later in the year.
Pope Gregory XIII used the calendar of astronomer Christopher Clavius to make reforms. Clavius used mathematics and astronomy to calculate the new calendar. Most countries accepted the calendar straight away, but Britain only adopted the modern calendar, in 1752, and Orthodox Russia was forced to adopt the new changes when the Bolsheviks came to power, in 1917.
In many countries however, including Russia, both the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar are used. So, for the Russians, Christmas is on 7th January with Father Frost and other traditions and New Year is on 1st January, but they celebrate a second New Year on 13th January. The first one is the New New Year and the second one is the Old New Year.
New Year's Day on 1st January in Russia is a public holiday and is celebrated with fireworks and elaborate large meals and other festivities. The Old New Year by the Julian calendar is informally observed. For many this is a nostalgic family holiday ending the holiday season.
The Old New Year tradition also features in popular culture and art. Mikhail Roshchin wrote a comedy drama for the stage, in 1973, called The Old New Year, which played in theatres for many years. It was also a TV film released by Mosfilm studios in 1980 which featured famous actors and music by Sergei Nikitin, with lyrics by Boris Pasternak.
6. Answer the questions:
1) What Julius Caesar introduced after the Rome conquered Egypt?
2) What were the specialties of the Babylon model of a calendar?
3) What is the Anno Domini calendar?
4) When was the new calendar of Christopher Clarius adopted in Britain and in Russia?
5) Why Russian people celebrate two New Years?
Практическая работа № 15
Тема: Географическое положение Великобритании. The Past Perfect Tense.
Цель: проверить усвоение грамматического материала по теме Past Perfect Tense.
Время выполнения: 90 минут.
Fill in the gaps with the Past Perfect of the verbs given.
1. When I got to the station, the train __________ (already / leave).
2. Before I lost my wallet I __________ (lose) my umbrella.
3. By the time the doctor arrived, the patient __________ (die).
4. When Anna phoned, I __________ (leave) to work.
5. Before Sara crossed the road, she __________ (look) both ways.
6. Before I had a driving license, I __________ (have) a driving test.
7. Before he __________ (fill) in the application form, he looked for job offers in the newspaper.
8. When I looked up, the burglar __________ (go).
9. When the police arrived, the riots __________ (stop).
10. After we __________ (reach) an agreement, we shacked hands.
Look at the sentences and decide which happened first. Посмотрите на предложения и выберете, какое действие произошло первым.
1. By the time Charles arrived at the office, the boss had alreadу left for the meeting.
a) Charles arrived at the office.
b) The boss left for the meeting.
2. Britney had washed all the dishes when her husband came.
a) Britney washed all the dishes.
b) Her husband came.
3. After he had had the accident, he reported it to the insurance company.
a) He had an accident.
b) He reported it to the insurance company.
4. Tom had saved a lot of money so he bought a motorbike.
a) Tom saved a lot of money.
b) He bought a motorbike.
5. After Margaret had read the book, she took it back to the library.
a) Margaret read the book.
b) She took the book back to the library.
6. Before my parents visited London, they had visited Paris.
a) My parents visited London.
b) My parents visited Paris.
