2020-06-10
450
Mstislav Keldysh, a well-known Russian scientist, was born in Riga on January 28, 1911. He was a very capable boy and finished school at the age of 16. He wanted to become a building engineer like his father, but one could enter an engineering institute only at 17. The boy decided to enter Moscow University to study mathematics and physics.
After his graduation from the University at the age of 20, he began his research work at the Central Airo-Hydrodynamical Institute – the centre of aviation science at that time. The young scientist worked with enthusiasm and soon published a number of important scientific papers. When Keldysh was 27, he became Doctor of Sciences.
The scientist did his research in the field of mathematics and airo-hydrodynamical. Later he solved a number of problems in aviation, atomic and cosmic techniques.
At the same time as a professor of Moscow University he gave much of his abilities to the teaching of students.
For his fruitful research M. Keldysh got two State Prizes and the government awarded him the title of Hero of Socialist Labour three times. At the age of 30 M. Keldysh became an academician and on May 19, 1961 he became President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Text 16
Задание 1. Прочитайте вслух выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 2. Переведите выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 3. Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста:
1. The first university where Rutherford studied wasin...
a) America; b) Europe; c) NewZealand.
2. The universitywas...
a) very old and well-known all over theworld;
b) very small and quitenew;
c) very large and rich intraditions.
|
|
|
3. At the university Rutherford became interestedin...
a) physics; b) history; c) socialsciences.
4. In 1908 E. Rutherford was awarded Nobel Prizefor...
a) his first scientificwork;
b) the practical application of hisinvestigations;
c) a number of researches inchemistry.
Заполните пропуски, пользуясь списком слов, данных ниже:
1. At school Rutherford... tochemistry.
2. In 1890 he... the only New ZealandUniversity.
3. Four years later he... from the University and went toCambridge.
4. In 1911 Rutherford... a planetary model of theatom.
5. Some of his works... with the radioactivity of different elements. suggested; graduated; paid much attention; dealt;entered
Задание 4. Определите видовременную форму подчеркнутыхглаголов.
ERNEST RUTHERFORD (1871-1937)
Ernest Rutherford was born in New Zealand where he lived up to 1895. At the age of 19 after finishing school he entered the only New Zealand University founded in 1870. At that time there were only 150 students and 7 professors there. At the university Ernest took great interest in physics and developed a magnetic detector of radio waves. However, he was absolutely uninterested in the practical applications of hisdiscoveries.
In 1895 Rutherford went to Cambridge where he continued research under Thomson (1856- 1940), the outstanding English physicist. There Rutherford studied the processes of ionization in gases and took great interest in radioactivity opened by Becquerel (1852-1908), a world-known French physicist. About ten years Ernest Rutherford lived and worked in Canada. Later he lectured in leading universities in the USA and England from 1907 till 1919.
Rutherford's famous work “The Scattering of Alpha and Beta Particles of Matter and the Structure of the Atom” dealt with so-called “atom models”. All main Rutherford's works deal with the nuclear models. The splitting of the atom has opened to man a new and enormous source of energy. The most important results have been obtained by splitting the atom ofuranium.
For working out the theory of radioactive disintegration of elements, for determining the nature of alpha particles, for developing the nuclear atom, Rutherford was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry.
Rutherford created a school of talented physicists in the field of atomic research. Russian scientists P. Kapitza and Y. Khariton were among his pupils. E. Rutherford died in 1937 at the age of 66.
Text 17
Задание 1. Прочитайте вслух выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 2. Переведите выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
|
|
|
7. Who delivers lectures to thestudents?
8. On what days does Mr. Hall deliverlectures?
9. What is the unit ofmass?
10. In what units do we usually measuredistance?
11. Is there another system of measures andweights?
Задание 4. Определите видовременную форму подчеркнутогоглагола.
MEASUREMENTS
Mr. Hall delivers to the students at the college. He delivers lectures three times a week: on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Mr. Hall is a very accurate man. He always begins his lectures in time.
Today is the 5th of September, Monday. His lecture is about measurements. Mr. Hall illustrates his lectures with numerous examples, diagrams and experiments.
He says: “In scientific work we usually measure in units of the system. The metric or decimal system is the international system of measures and weights which is based on the metre and the kilogramme. The metric unit of length is the metre. The metre is based on the wave- length of orange-red light which is given off by element Krypton 86, and is measured with great accuracy in scientific laboratories all over the world. The metre is divided into 100 centimetres and each centimeter into 10 millimetres.
The corresponding units of mass, volume and pressure are the kilogramme, the cubic metre and the Newton/m2 respectively.
Mr. Hall ends the lecture with the words: “The metric system of measures and weights is used in most countries of the world. But there is also another system of measures and weights, the Imperial System, which is based on the foot and the pound. Some countries still use this system.”
Text 18
Задание 1. Прочитайтевслухвыделенныйотрывоктекста.
Задание 2. Переведите выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 3. Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с содержанием текста:
1. What temperature scale do we use inRussia?
a) Fahrenheit; b) Kelvin; c)Centigrade
2. What is the boiling point of water on the Fahrenheit scale? a) 100º; b) 212º; c)373º
3. When do we use mercurythermometers?
a) to measure very hightemperatures;
b) to measure very lowtemperatures;
c) to measure averagetemperatures.
Найдите в (б) соответствующие русские словосочетания:
a) 1. boiling point; 2. to measure low temperature; 3. temperature readings; 4. molecular motion; 5. freezing point; 6. to measure high temperature
б) 1. молекулярное движение; 2. точка замерзания; 3. измерять высокую теспературу; 4. показания температуры; 5. измерять низкую температуру; 6. точка кипения
Задание 4. Определите видовременную форму подчеркнутыхглаголов.
