2020-06-10
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Great Britain, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the BritishIsles.ItisseparatedfromFrancebyonly34kilometresofwater.Thecountry'stotal areaisover244 thousand square kilometres. The country is often referred to as Great Britain, Britain or the UK. But to be precise, Great Britain comprises England, Wales and Scotland on the island of Great Britain, while the UnitedKingdomincludesGreatBritainaswellasNorthernIrelandontheislandof Ireland.
The capital of the United Kingdom is London, in England. Great Britain is the fourth most populous country in Europe, it has about 57 million inhabitants. English is the official language of Great Britain. The Church of England, also called the Anglican Church, is the official church in England.
Although a small island, Great Britain has a remarkable variety of landscapes. To the north and west are highlands. To the east are flat plains, and in the south are lowlands broken by low ranges of hills. To the southwest are the bleak moors of Devon and Cornwall. A warm ocean current, the Gulf Stream, washes Britain's western shores and accounts for the mildness of its climate.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. The sovereign has the title of King (or Queen). The Sovereign has very few functions. The Queen is Elizabeth II. The supreme legislative power is vested in the Parliament, which seats for five years unless sooner dissolved. The Parliament has two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons has 650 popularly elected members. The House of Commons is the real government body of the United Kingdom. In order to become a law, a new bill proposed by the Cabinet, must be approved by the both Houses of the Parliament. Financial bills cannot be delayed by the House of Lords.
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The executive power of the Crown is exercised by the Cabinet, headed by Prime Minister. Prime Minister, normally the head of the party commanding a majority in the House of Commons, is appointed by the Sovereign. Prime Minister appoints the rest of the Cabinet. Government in Britain, since 1945 has alternated between only two political parties: the conservatives (the Tory) and the Labour Party.
Text 13
Задание 1. Прочитайте вслух выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 2. Переведите выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. Where is Washingtonsituated?
2. Who selected the place for the capital of theUSA?
3. When was Washington firstsettled?
4. How many universities are there inWashington?
5. Why aren't there any skyscrapers inWashington?
Задание 4. Определите видовременную форму подчеркнутыхглаголов.
WASHINGTON, DC
Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It's situated in the District of Columbia and is like no other city in the USA. It's the world's largest one-industry city. And that industry is government. The White House, where the US President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress, and the Supreme Court, are all in Washington. Washington was named after the first US President George Washington. He selected the place for the capital and Pierre L'Enfant, a French engineer, designed the city. Washington was first settled in 1790 and since 1800 it has been the federal capital.
Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the United States. In the very centre of it rises the huge dome of the Capitol — a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation's affairs. It's easy to get lost in this huge building, full of paintings andstatues.
Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress, the largest library in the States. It contains more than 13 million books, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US presidents.
The White House is the official residence of the US President. He works in the Oval Office.
One can hardly find a park, a square or an open area in Washington without a monument or a memorial. The most impressive and the best-known ones are the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. There are some important museums in Washington where you can see all kinds of things: famous paintings and sculptures, the dresses of Presidents's wives, the original of the Declaration of Independence, the largest, blue diamond in the world,etc.
There are 5 universities in Washington.
There are no skyscrapers in Washington, because they would hide the city's many monuments from view. No building in the city may be more than 40 metres tall.
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Text 14
Задание 1. Прочитайте вслух выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 2. Переведите выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. Who wasEinstein?
2. When and where was heborn?
3. What discoveries did Einstein make in1905?
4. In what equation did he express his theory ofrelativity?
5. What prize did Einstein get in1921?
Задание 4. Определите видовременную форму подчеркнутогоглагола.
ALBERT EINSTEIN
Albert Einstein, a well-known German physicist and mathematician, was born in Germany on March 14, 1879. His unusual ability in mathematics and physics began to show itself at a technical school in Zurich. At the age of 21, after four years of university study, Albert Einstein got a job as a clerk in an office. But already in 1905 he made revolutionary discoveries in science. He published three papers in the field of physics and mathematics.
In the first he explained the photoelectric effect by means of Planck's quantum theory. The second paper developed a mathematical theory of Brownian motion. He presented his third paper on “Special Theory of Relativity” to a physical journal. Einstein expressed his theory in the equation E=mc2, roughly that energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light.
All over the world scientists read the work with great surprise. Few physicists understood its importance at that time. Everybody wanted to know as much as possible about the author. Which institute did he teach in?
Einstein's fame among scietists grew slowly but surely. For a few years he lived in Prague where he worked as a professor. When he came to Prague, he often told his students: “I will always try to help you. If you have a problem, come to me with it, we will solve ittogether.”
He liked questions and answered them at once, for there were no simple or foolish questions for him. He spoke much with his students about scientific problems and his new ideas. His advice to students was, “Don't take easy problems”.
In 1921 Einstein got the Nobel Prize in physics not for the theory of relativity but for a logical explanation of the photoelectric effect.
In 1922 he became a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences for his outstanding contributions to physics and mathematics.
On March 14, 1979 by UNESCO decision all people throughout the world celebrated the birth centenary of the great 20th century scientist
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Задание 1. Прочитайте вслух выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 2. Переведите выделенный отрывок текста.
Задание 3. Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с содержанием текста:
1. What did Keldysh want tobecome?
a) a mathematician; b) a chemist; c) a buildingengineer.
2. Where did he get his highereducation?
a) at MoscowUniversity;
b) at the Central Airo-HydrodynamicalInstitute;
c) at an engineeringinstitute.
3. What field of science did he do his researchin?
a) in the field of solid statephysics;
b) in the field of atomic and cosmictechniques;
c) in the field of electromagneticwaves.
Найдите в (б) соответствующие русские словосочетания:
a) 1. at the age of; 2. a well-known scientist; 3. was born; 4. like his father; 5. to enter an institute; 6. to graduate from an institute; 7. to do one's research; 8. to solve a number of problems; 9. three times
б) 1. поступить в институт; 2. как и отец; 3. в возрасте; 4. Решить ряд проблем; 5. родился;
6. хорошо известный ученый; 7. окончить институт; 8. три раза (трижды); 9. проводить исследования
Задание 4. Определите видовременную форму подчеркнутогоглагола.
