2020-06-30
973
"Michael Faraday."
Michael Faraday,one of the greatest men of science, had little chance to get an application. His father was a blacksmith, and Faraday was born to work with his hands too. When thirteenth years of age, he went as apperentice to learn bookbinding. He read many of the books he had to bind. Once when binding an encyclopedia he ran across an article on electricity. It struck his imagination and aroused his interest.
With the little money he could save, he bought a cheap and simple apparatus and set to make experiments. He attended the lectures of Hamphry Davy, an outstanding scientist and the most popular lecturer in London at that time. It was Davy who helped Faraday to become assistant at the laboratory of the Royal Institute and to get a profound knowledge of the subject. While still an assistant, he helped Davy to create a safety lamp for miners. He learned chemistry, he was working on the problem of turning gases into liquids. An important discovery of Faraday was that of benzol which he separated from condensed oil gas, and which since then found world-wide application. For several years he is known to have been working at the problem of a perfect optical glass and to have made a glass that greatly improved the telescope.
Yet the problem of electricity and magnetism interested him above all. All the scientific world had known by that time if a current is run through a copper wire wound around a piece of iron, the iron becomes a magnet. If electricity magnetizes, why won't magnetism electrify? That was the question Faraday asked himself over and over. For a long time he tried different experiments to solve the problem. At last in 1831 he made his major discovery in the field of electricity – the electromagnetic induction.
Among a number of other discoveries he is also known to have measured electric current for the first time, and to have made several important observations on the conductivity of different materials.
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Faraday was one of those great men who made possible the age of electricity in which we live, all the marvels it brings us and all those it may bring to the future generations.
Вопросы к тексту:
- Who was M. Faraday?
- What struck his imagination while working as a binder?
- What was his first important discovery?
- When did Faraday discover the electromagnetic induction?
Задание №2 Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:
to strike, conductivity, to bind, application, to improve, education, assistant at the laboratory, the problem of electricity and magnetism, to measure, to turn gases into liquids, a perfect optical glass, all scientific world, to run through a copper wire,to enjoy world-wide popularity.
«Грамматический блок«заданий для 2 курса.
Задание № 3 состоит из 8-ми упражнений по грамматике.
Упр № 1.Употребите стоящий в скобках глагол в Present Simple Tense.
- He (to know) this engineer. My friends (to study) at a railway college.
- She (to play) chess very well. Our students (to learn) new words every lesson.
- My friend (to work) in the locomotive depot. The students (to come) to the college 4 times a year.
- We (to read) many books. Our boss (to like) to come to the Ministry.
- The movement of a train (to start) at the terminal. We often (to go) to the South by train.
- The conductor (to clean) the compartment after traveling. The trains usually (to arrive) according to schedule.
- Railways (to use) steel rails. The “Russia “express (to consist) of all-metal cars.
- Railways often (to hold) international exhibitions. Russia (to carry) a great amount of the world's rail traffic.
- Railways (to pay) particular attention to high-speed running. The engineer often (to stay) in the office in the evening.
- He (to design) new high-speed trains.
- They often (to go) to the meeting.
Упр2. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. You know many new words. He speaks English very well.
2. Helen often takes books in the library. We discuss different questions at our meeting.
3. They work hard at the office. My friend play chess well.
4. They spend much money on the books. Peter goes to the college every day.
5. He writes many letters. My friends help me with this work.
6. She gives me her books. I always read fresh newspapers.
7. We study English at the college. He translates texts quickly.
8. The secretary sends letters every day. The workers repair cars.
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9. Ben speaks with his boss every day. They discuss many problems.
10. I receive telegrams seldom. She often goes to the sportclub.
Упр3. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в Past Simple Tense.
1) He (to open) the window 10 minutes ago. I (to buy) the books yesterday.
2. We (to discuss) the matter last week. I (to bring) the newspapers yesterday.
3. They (to study) English at school She (to write) 4 letters yesterday.
4. I (to translate) this text quickly. We (to speak) with him last week.
5. My mother (to clean) the room. The children (to go) to the sportclub.
6. The workers (to ask) many questions. He (to give) me his new pen.
7. The father (to repair) our TV- set. We (to go) to the South by train.
8. The woman (to give) me the information. The students (to play) football after classes.
9. I (to receive) the letter yesterday. We (to go) to the village by car.
10. The accident (to happen) last week. The teacher (to give) us much homework.
Упр 4. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму. (в Past Simple Tense)
1) I learned these words. He gave me this book.
2) They worked hard. He brought me fresh newspaper.
3) She cooked dinner. They took books in the library.
4) We saw this film yesterday. He received a good job offer.
5) I thought about your offer. She played the piano.
6) He showed me his picture. They went to the cinema.
7) She used the book in her report. We played tennis yesterday.
8) I gave her my address. He repaired his bike.
9) She bought some food for supper. They stayed at work.
10) He saw his friend yesterday. We answered all letters.
