2020-08-05
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Задание 34. Вставьте местоимения “somebody”, “someone”, “anybody”, “anyone”, “nobody”, “no one”, “something”, “anything”, “nothing”.
Do you know … who can help us?
Do you know anybody who can help us?
1. … left his bag in our classroom yesterday.
2. The question is so difficult that … can answer it.
3. Give me … to eat, please. I’m hungry.
4. There was … on the table. It was empty.
5. Has … in this group got a dictionary?
6. It is too late. I think there is … in the office now.
7. You must find … who can help you.
8. … knew anything about our home task.
9. Do you know … about the matter?
10. Please, tell us the story. … knows it.
Местоимения many, much, little, a little, few, a few
Местоимения much и many употребляются со значением много. Much употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными, а many с исчисляемыми.
| Do you have much work to do today? Many people attended the meeting. |
Местоимения little и few употребляются со значением мало. Little употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными, few с исчисляемыми.
| I have very little time. He has few friends. |
Местоимения little и few могут употребляться с неопределенным артиклем а little и а few в значении немного, несколько.
| Please give me a little water. I have a few books on this subject. |
В утвердительных предложениях вместо much употребляются слова a lot (of), plenty (of), a good deal (of), a great deal (of). Вместо many могут употребляться a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of), a great many, a good many:
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| We have plenty of time. There are a lot of English books in the library. |
Проверочные задания на тему «Местоимения many, much, little, a little, few, a few»
Задание 35. Заполните пропуски, употребляя “much”, “many”.
Was there … snow last year? Was there much snow last year?
1. There are … universities in our town.
2. There aren’t … women’s colleges at Oxford.
3. Why do you need so … paper?
4. Are there … tourists here this year?
5. He didn’t spend … money on his trip.
Задание 36. Составьте предложения, употребив “little”, “a little”, “few”, “a few” и переведите.
I have little spare time.
There is a little milk on the table.
There are few chairs in the room.
I have a few English stamps.
| I have | little | French books | on the table. |
| There is | a little | coffee | in the room. |
| There are | few | sugar | in the fridge. |
| a few | pictures | in the garden. | |
| juice | on the shelf. | ||
| cheese | at home. | ||
| magazines | in the bag. | ||
| paper | on the wall. | ||
| people | in the shop. | ||
| flowers |
Задание 37. Вставьте местоимения “much”, “many”, “few”, “a few”, “little”, “a little.
I’ll be ready in … minutes. I’ll be ready in a few minutes.
1. He buys … newspapers every day.
2. After the lesson everybody felt … tired.
3. He had … English books at home, so he went to the library.
4. Did the students have … time to prepare for the examination?
5. He had … time and he stopped to go to the fitness club with his friends.
6. Does he really have so … work?
7. There are … people who know about it. It’s a secret.
8. There is … petrol in the tank. That will be enough to get to the city.
9. I have invited … people to the party. I want to celebrate my birthday!
10. The teacher gave Nick a bad mark because he has … knowledge of the subject.
ПРЕДЛОГ (THE PREPOSITION)
Предлогами называют служебные слова, которые показывают отношение существительного или местоимения к другим словам в предложении.
В современном английском языке падежные окончания почти полностью отсутствуют. Поэтому предлоги играют в английском языке исключительно важную роль, являясь одним из главных средств выражения отношений существительного (или местоимения) к другим словам в предложении.
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Предлоги выражают разнообразные отношения – пространственные, временные, причинные и др. В русском языке эти отношения выражаются не одними предлогами, а предлогами и падежными окончаниями, в английском языке эти отношения выражаются только предлогами, поскольку существительные в общем падеже, с которыми они сочетаются, не имеют специальных окончаний:
He lives in Moscow.
He came with his brother.
По форме предлоги в английском языке делятся на односложные – about, at, in, from, over, past, with и так далее и составные – as for, according to, in between, on behalf of, in spite of и т.д.
По значению предлоги делятся следующим образом:
Предлоги расположения и движения
| About, above, across, against, along, among, around, at, behind, below, beside, between, by, down, from, in, in front of, inside, into, near, next to, off, on, onto, opposite, out (of), outside, over, past, round, through, to, towards, under, up, upon | |
| Нахождение внутри пространства или движение к нему in to be in the country, a town, the house, a street, in a factory, | Нахождение в какой-либо точке или в учреждении или движение к ним at to be at home, at work, at school, at the office, at the airport, |
| Нахождение внутри какого-либо пространства in We were sitting in the car. There was no water in the vase. | Движение внутрь какого-либо пространства into I poured some water into the vase. We got into the car. |
| Нахождение на поверхности или движение к ней on The painting is on the wall. I put the book on the table. | Движение к поверхности onto The cat jumped onto the bookcase. People climbed onto the roof. |
| Нахождение над каким-либо предметом above The plane flew above us. I can’t sleep with a light on above my head. | Нахождение над каким-либо предметом или поперек илипо другую сторону over Flags waved over our heads. There is a bridge over the river. |
| Нахождение под предметом below The stone hit me below the knee. | Нахождение под предметом (часто в непосредственной близости от него) under There is nothing new under the sun. |
| Нахождение между двумя людьми или предметами between Divide them between two of you. | Нахождение среди многих людей или предметов among He is among the men who own the bank. |
Предлоги времени
| About, after, around, before, between, by, during, for, from, in, on, past, since, through, throughout, to, toward(s), until, till, within | ||
| Предлоги | Значение | Примеры употребления |
| at | Указание момента во времени Указание возраста | at 2 o’clock, at dawn, at noon, at night at 14, at the age of 35 |
| on | Указание на определенный момент, день, дату | on Sunday, on the first of May, on Friday evening |
| in | Указание на определенный период времени Значение «через, за» | in the morning, in March, in 1945, in spring in a week, in ten years |
| by | Указывает предельный срок | by 4 o’clock, by the end of June |
| from | Указывает на исходный момент | This book dates from the 16th century. |
| to | Указывает на временной предел, окончание срока | It’s a quarter to six. |
| till/until | Значение «до какого-то момента» | from 2 till 4, till now, until last week |
| Предлоги | Значение | Примеры употребления |
| since | Значение «с, начиная с» | He has been on vacation since Monday. |
| for | Указание на период времени Указание на определенный момент | to wait for years, for ever The meeting was arranged for 10.30. |
| during | Указание на период времени | during 1990, during the night, during the lesson |
Предлоги on, at, in + time
| Предлоги | Значение | Примеры употребления |
| on time | В запланированное время, своевременно | The train started on time. |
| In time (for) in good time (for) | Без опоздания, вовремя, с запасом | I’ll be back in time to cook supper. |
| at the time | В конкретный момент, тогда | She was a little girl at the time. |
| at times | Иногда | She can be very rude at times. |
