Read the sentences from the text where they were used

Automobile

Introduction

                

   Vocabulary to be remembered

 

to propel-продвигать вперед                          suspension system-подвесная система

suburbs-окраины                                             spring-пружина, рессора  

elaborate-сложный, комплексный                  shock absorber- амортизатор

highway system-магистраль/транс-               cushion-подушка, смягчать

портная артерия     

to alter-изменять (ся)                                       bumps-столкновения

to rank-выстраивать в ряд, ставить в порядке to rotate-вращать, приводить в движение

injury-повреждение                                        steering system-рулевая система

intended use-назначение                                 headlights-фары

vans-фургон                                                    occupant-зд. находящиеся в автомобиле

van style vehicle-трейллер                              axles-оси, мосты

cargo-груз                                                        differential gear-распределительный вал

frame-зд. база                                                  drivetrain-ходовая часть

 

to transmit-передавать                                    driveshaft-карданный вал

mud-грязь                                                        to lubricate-смазывать                          

      

        Read and translate the text.

                                      

   Automobile, self-propelled vehicle used primarily on public roads but adaptable to other surfaces. Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. From the growth of suburbs to the development of elaborate road and highway systems, the so-called horseless carriage has forever altered the modern landscape.

  The manufacture, sale, and servicing of automobiles have become key elements of industrial economies. But along with greater mobility and job creation, the automobile has brought noise and air pollution, and automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. But for better or worse, the 1900s can be called the Age of the Automobile and cars will no doubt continue to shape our culture and economy well into the 21st century.

  Automobiles are classified by size, style, number of doors, and intended use. The typical automobile, also called a car, auto, motorcar, and passenger car, has four wheels and can carry up to six people, including a driver. Larger vehicles designed to carry more passengers are called vans, minivans, omnibuses, or buses. Those used to carry cargo are called pickups or trucks, depending on their size and design. Minivans are van-style vehicles built on a passenger car frame that can usually carry up to eight passengers. Sport-utility vehicles, also known as SUVs, are more rugged than passenger cars and are designed for driving in mud or snow.

  In 2001 manufacturing plants in more than 35 countries produced 39.5 million passenger cars. About 7.3 million passenger vehicles were produced in North America in 2001.

  The automobile is built around an engine. Various systems supply the engine with fuel, cool it during operation, lubricate its moving parts, and remove exhaust gases it creates. The engine produces mechanical power that is transmitted to the automobile's wheels through a drivetrain, which includes a transmission, one or more driveshafts, a differential gear, and axles. Suspension systems, which include springs and shock absorbers, cushion the ride and help protect the vehicle from being damaged by bumps, heavy loads, and other stresses. Wheels and tires support the vehicle on the roadway and, when rotated by powered axles, propel the vehicle forward or backward. Steering and braking systems provide control over direction and speed. An electrical system starts and operates the engine, monitors and controls many aspects of the vehicle's operation, and powers such components as headlights and radios. Safety features such as bumpers, air bags, and seat belts help protect occupants in an accident.

  Complete the sentences:

1. The typical automobile has ______ and can carry up to __ people, including a driver.

2. From the growth of suburbs to the development of ________ and _____, the so-called horseless carriage has forever altered the modern landscape.

3. Steering and braking systems provide control over _________.

4. Various systems supply the _____ with fuel, cool it during operation, lubricate its moving parts, and remove exhaust gases it creates.

5. ________ cushion the ride and help protect the vehicle from being damaged by bumps, heavy loads, and other stresses.

 

 

  Try and guess the meaning of the following words and word combinations:

 

adaptable                 braking system

for better or worth   radio

no doubt                  air bags

omnibusses             seat belts

exhaust gases          bumpers

   

       

  Discuss the following.

 

1. Automobile development. Definition of the automobile.

2. Classification of the vehicles.

3. The main parts of the vehicle. Their aims.

 

  Retell the text.

 

UNIT 1

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

 

                         Introduction

       Vocabulary to be remembered

 

  revenue- годовой доход                                   to expand-расширять(ся)

  multitude- множество, масса                          activity-деятельность

  related services- дочерние предприятия        mobility-подвижность

  to enable- давать возможность, право           remote-отдаленный

  to reduce- уменьшать                                      increase-повышать(ся)

  overall cost- высокие цены                             source-источник

  congested traffic- перегруженное уличное движение                                                                                                                        

  to assemble- монтировать                           

  highway fatality- авария со смертельным исходом

  automaking- автомобилестроение              

 

1. Read and translate the text

   Automobile Industry, industry that produces automobiles and other gasoline-powered vehicles, such as buses, trucks, and motorcycles. The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only the economy but also the cultures of the world. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues, and provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries. Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business.

   The automobile has enabled people to travel and transport goods farther and faster, and has opened wider market areas for business and commerce. The auto industry has also reduced the overall cost of transportation by using methods such as mass production (making several products at once, rather than one at a time), mass marketing (selling products nationally rather than locally), and globalization of production (assembling products with parts made worldwide). Between 1886 and 1898, about 300 automobiles were built, but there was no real established industry. A century later, with automakers and auto buyers expanding globally, automaking became the world's largest manufacturing activity, with more than 53 million new vehicles built each year worldwide.

   As a result of easier and faster transportation, the United States and world economies have become dependent on the mobility that automobiles, trucks, and buses provide. This mobility allowed remote populations to interact with one another, which increased commerce. The transportation of goods to consumers and consumers to goods has become an industry in itself. The automobile has also brought related problems, such as air pollution, congested traffic, and highway fatalities. Nevertheless, the automobile industry continues to be an important source of employment and transportation for millions of people worldwide.      

     

2. Translate into English.

1.Автомобильная промышленность влияет не только на экономику, но и на культуру  страны.

2.Эта отрасль обеспечивает ежегодный мировой доход в биллион долларов.

3.Автомобиль дал людям возможность дальше и быстрее перемещаться и уменьшил  цены на транспортировку.

4.Автомобилестроение стало крупнейшей в мире промышленностью, производящей свыше 53 миллионов новых автомобилей в год во всем мире.

5. Многие страны стали зависимы от мобильности, которую обеспечивают автомобили, грузовики и автобусы.

6. Транспортировка товаров потребления сама по себе стала промышленностью.

7. Конечно, автомобили стали причиной относительных проблем, таких как загрязнение воздуха, перегруженное уличное движение, и многочисленные аварии со смертельным исходом.

8. Все же, автомобильная промышленность является важным источником передвижения и перевозки грузов, а так же обеспечивает миллионы людей во всем мире работой.

 

 

    3. Fill in the gap with the necessary word.

1.Automobile industry provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide ______, and provides the basis for a _____ of related service and support industries.

2.The automobile has enabled people to _____ and _____ goods farther and faster, and has opened wider market areas for business and commerce.

3.The automobile industry affects not only the ______ but also the cultures of the world.

4.The mobility allowed ______________ to interact with one another, which increased commerce.

5. The ______ has also reduced the overall cost of _________ by using methods such as mass production, mass marketing and globalization of production.

 

(transportation, multitude, revenues, travel, economy, transport, auto industry, remote population)

           

 

       4.     Find synonyms to the following verbs.

To transport, to reduce, to produce, to provide, to interact, to change.

 

Read the sentences from the text where they were used.

Retell the text.