2020-09-24
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1. We (to wait)... for them at two o'clock tomorrow. We (to be)... sure they (to come)... in time. Then we (to go)... to the library to look for the supplementary literature.
2. -... you (to see)... your friend yesterday? - Yes, she (to stand)... in the central academic building of the university talking with our histology professor.
3. The oral cavity (to consist)... of the vestibule and the oral cavity proper.
4. The students can’t answer the question because they (not to listen) to the lecturer attentively.
5. Some students (to work)... in the laboratory studying the structure of the human body while the others (to listen)... to the lecturer.
6. He (to study) very hard now as he (to realize) the importance of his future work.
7. Every day she (to return)... home, (to have)... dinner, and (to rest)... a bit.
8. The doctor …. (to prepare) a syringe for an injection, while the child (not see) him.
Exercise XII. Open the brackets (all tenses can be used) and translate the sentences:
1. On the floor of the oral cavity the mucous membrane (to form) a fold called the frenulum of the tongue.
2. Food (to grind) up by the teeth.
3. The set of teeth of a grown-up (to include) 32 teeth.
4. The nurse (to give) an injection of anesthetics to relieve unbearable pain now.
5. The students (to study) Pharmacology in two years.
6. Great progress in the development of new types of filling material (to make) last year.
7. The toxins in the gum already (to stimulate) the process of irritation.
8. These patients (to operate) tomorrow after a morning round.
Exercise XIII. Make questions to the underlined parts of the sentence:
1. The salivary glands supply water, ferments and mucus to the food.
2. The food wasn’t properly grounded by the teeth because of the lack of the teeth.
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3. The dentist will apply some mint flavored fluoride on the patient’s teeth.
4. The patient has made an appointment with the dentist for today.
5. The dentistry was established as a separate branch of medicine 5000 years ago.
6. The Etruscans made first dental prosthesis in the seventh century BC.
7. The teeth have been extracted under local anesthesia.
8. If there is infection a dentist will establish drainage.
Exercise XIV. Translate into English:
1. Кістки черепа утворюють ротову порожнину.
2. Верхня щелепа має чотири відростки: лобний, виличний, піднебінний та альвеолярний.
3. В альвеолярному відростку є 8 луночок (cells) для розміщення коренів зубів.
4. Слизова оболонка на альвеолярних відростках щелепи, що щільно прилягає до надкісниці, називається яснами.
5. Верхня частина язика називається спинкою язика (dorsum).
6. Мигдалики захищають людину від шкідливих мікроорганізмів, виконуючи роль бар'єра.
7. Слинні залози, що знаходяться в ротовій порожнині, секретують слину.
8. Нижня щелепа рухома й прикріплюється до черепа за допомогою м’язів.
Exercise XV. Arrange the following sentences in order to describe the term “oral cavity”
1. The teeth are a group of hard organs used to masticate (or chew) food into tiny pieces
2. A red, moist, glistening tissue, which is called the mucous membrane forms a protective covering for the tongue, palate, floor of the mouth and the inside of the lips and cheeks.
3. The upper jaw (the maxilla) is stationary forming part of the skull.
4. The oral cavity is formed by the bones of the skull..
5. The human being has two jaws: an upper and a lower one. The lower jaw (the mandible) is movable and attached to the skull by muscles.
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
| I. Перекладіть наступні словосполучення: періодонтальна оболонка альвеолярний відросток верхня та нижня щелепи тверде та м’яке піднебіння слизова оболонка коронка та корінь зуба формувати захисне покриття ліва та права гілки нижньої щелепи надкісниця та ясна піднижньощелепна та привушна залози II. Дайте відповідь на наступні питання: What does the oral cavity consist of? What is alveolar process? How do the roots of the teeth held in place? What is the function of the teeth? What parts can a tooth be divided into? What is gingiva? What is the function of the mucus membrane? What are the names of the principal glands of the oral cavity? ІІІ. Дайте визначення: ротова порожнина, нижня щелепа, верхня щелепа |
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ANATOMY OF A TOOTH
PART I
Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary.
| angle | ['æŋgl] | кут |
| bundle | ['bΛndl] | пучок |
| decay | [di'kei] | гниття |
| foramen | [fɔ'reimǝn] | отвір |
| junction | ['dƷΛnkʃn] | з’єднання |
| repair | [ri'реǝ] | відновлення |
| rod | [rɔd] | смужка |
| sensitive | ['sensitiv] | чутливий |
| undergo | ['Λndǝgǝu] | підлягати |
| unlike | [Λn'laik] | на відміну |
| visible | [vizibl] | видимий |
Exercise 2. Define the structure of the compound words and translate them.
a) notebook, birthday, homework, headache, newspaper.
b) writer, lecturer, helper, examiner, teacher, to replace, to remove, to rewrite.
Exercise 3. Match two columns of symptoms and translate them.
- appear a. reason
- cover b. evident
- sensitive c. restore
- injury d. take place
- visible e. protect
- occur f. arise
- repair g. painful
- cause h. decompose
- decay i. damage
Exercise 4. Read and translate the word-combinations into your native language:
The junction of crown and root, the outer covering of the crown, undergo repair, long solid rods, the interprismatic substance, run roughly at right angles, purely soft tissue, the apical foramen, the outermost layer of the pulp, fine prolongations of these cells, alveolar process, compact bone and spongy bone, attached to its socket in the jaw, a shock absorber, bundles of fibers, pass obliquely from cementum to bone.
