IV. Comprehension Check

1. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:

1. количество массы в единице объема; 2. тонна на кубический метр; 3. мера сопротивления деформации; 4. отношение приложенной силы на единицу площади к частичной упругой деформации; 5. жесткая конструкция; 6. прочность на сжатие; 7. способность материала деформироваться, не разрушаясь; 8. поглощать энергию путем деформации; 9. обратно пропорционально квадрату размера дефекта; 10..постепенное изменение формы; 11. повышенные температуры; 12. высокие растягивающие усилия.

2. Answer the questions:

1. What is the density of a material?

2. What are the units of density? Where low density is needed?

3. What are the densities of water, aluminium and steel?

4. A measure of what properties is stiffness? When stiffness is important?

5. What is Young modulus?

6. What is strength?

7. What is yield strength? Why fracture strength is always greater than yield strength?

8. What is ductility? Give the examples of ductile and brittle materials.

8. What is toughness?

9. What properties of steel are necessary for the manufacturing of: a) springs, b) car body parts, c) bolts and nuts, d) cutting tools?

10. Where is aluminium mostly used because of its light weight?

3. Translate into English:

1. Плотность измеряется в килограммах на кубический метр.

2. Большинство материалов имеют более высокую плотность, чем вода, и тонут в воде.

3. Плотность материала очень важна, особенно в авиации.

4. Модуль Юнга — отношение приложенной силы к упругой деформации данного материала.

5. Чем более металл жесткий, тем менее он деформируется под нагрузкой.

6. Когда металл растягивают, он сначала течет, то есть пластически деформируется.

7. Свинец, медь, алюминий и золото — самые ковкие металлы.

8. Сопротивление ползучести является очень важным свойством материалов, которые используются в авиационных моторах.

V. Discuss the following with your groupmates.

Why is it important for a technician to know the properties of materials?

Практическое занятие №3

Тема: Мощный инструмент информационного века.

Power Tool for an Information Age

I. First thoughts. What is the role of computers in modern life?

II. Study the words. Make sure you know them. Practice the pronunciation.

Compatibility, computer literacy, connectivity, mainframe computer, main memory, microcomputer, minicomputer, motherboard, nonvolatile, RGB (color) monitor, softcopy, system board, system unit.

III. Read the text and do the tasks following it.

Computers are the backbone of modern business. That is why computer literacy, that is the need to know how to input, process, store, and output data and information, has become increasingly relevant to anyone who plans to enter the business environment. Your survival in the business world of today and tomorrow depends more and more on how well you understand what a computer is, how it works, and what it can be used for. A computer system has five components: hardware, software, people, procedures, and data/information. Data comprises the unevaluated facts, concepts, or instructions processed by the computer to output information, the useful product of processing. Information is used to make decisions.

People have always been extremely important to the functioning of a computer system. In the past, when computers weren't so commonplace in business, many people were able to ignore them. Today, however, it is much more difficult to avoid becoming part of a computer system.

Hardware is the actual computer equipment; it has no capabilities of its own. The equipment must be used with software, the instructions that tell the computer what to do. Software is written by people. Systems software comprises the general instructions that tell the computer how to operate; applications software comprises the specific business-task-related instructions that help a user get his or her job done. Procedures are represented by documentation such as users' manuals, which tell users how to proceed.

Connectivity—how separate computer systems are connected—can become a sixth component of a computer system.

Computers are generally classified into one of four categories, based on seven factors:

1. Type of CPU

2. Amount of main memory the CPU can use

3. Storage capacity

4. Speed of output devices

5. Processing speed

6. Number of users that can access the computer at one time

7. Cost

The smallest, slowest, and least expensive computer is the microcomputer, followed by the minicomputer, the mainframe computer, and the supercomputer. Knowledge of a microcomputer is especially relevant for people in business today. The microcomputer's three basic hardware components are the keyboard, the monitor, and the system unit. The system unit comprises the power supply, the system board, and some storage devices such as diskette (floppy disk) drives, and a hard disk drive.

Business has seen many improvements in the area of data processing since the introduction of computers. Now, data can be collected more easily, processed with much greater speed, and manipulated over and over again with ease; besides, calculations are performed not only faster but usually with greater accuracy, producing output in more usable forms.

Significant progress has been made in making the computer easier to use by everyone. The impact of the computer on society can be felt in every area, including business, government, law, medicine, sports, entertainment, industry, agriculture, science, and the home.

IV. Comprehension Check.

Complete the following sentences.

1.. … is the product of data processing.

2. The most common input device used today is the ….

3. Software instructions intended to satisfy a user's specific processing needs are

called ….

4. The most powerful type of computer is ….

5. … is a storage device that can be carried around.

6. … probably has the least amount of technical knowledge