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EXERCISE 1. Find all the nouns of material in the passages.

A. The beer was brown, the bread black, the stew a creamy white. She served it in a trencher hollowed out of a stale loaf. It was thick with leeks, carrots, barley, and turnips white and yellow, along with clams and chunks of cod and crabmeat, swimming in a stock of heavy cream and butter. It was the sort of stew that warmed a man right down to his bones, just the thing for a wet, cold night. Davos spooned it up gratefully. [by George R.R. Martin]

 

B. The Company cared no longer for watchers or unfriendly eyes. Their hearts were rejoiced to see the fire. The wood burned merrily; and though all round it the snow hissed, and pools of slush crept under their feet, they warmed their hands gladly at the blaze. There they stood, stooping in a circle round the little dancing and blowing flame. A red light was on their tired and anxious faces; behind them the night was like a black wall of solid rock. [by J. R.R. Tolkien]

 

EXERCISE 2. Explain the articles in the following sentences.

1. People who drop litter can be fined in most cities.

2. Wait for the glue to dry before you hang the frame on the wall.

3. Rather than providing a solution, their statements merely added fuel to the fire.

4. The whole family had red hair.

5. Please keep off the grass.

6. The belt is made of fine calfskin leather.

7. It took muscle to work in an old-fashioned kitchen where every little thing was made of metal.

8. A red clay called ‘laterite’ was used to make roads.

9. Fire is a surface reaction of oxygen and carbon. It releases carbon monoxide which migrates outward and upon encountering oxygen burns to carbon dioxide.

10. The town was buried under three feet of snow.

11. Wash the dirt off those boots before you come in.

12. To build the tunnel, they had to cut through 500 feet of solid rock.

13. He picked up one of the shirts made of pure cotton. The cotton was fine and pleasant to the touch.

14. I'm going out to get some wood for the fire.

15. Apples are basically a mixture of water, sugar, fibre and little else.

16. Norton had a bowl of cereal daily. He sold cereals and made it a rule to try a new one every morning.

17. Prepare a white sauce by melting the butter in a pan with the flour. Pour the sauce over the pasta.

18. Pork is the most widely consumed meat in the world, followed by poultry, beef, and mutton.

19. Wash the interior of the dishwasher with baking soda or mild detergent.

20. Shampoo often comes packaged in plastic, only a small fraction of which gets recycled.

 

EXERCISE 3. Fill in the gaps and explain the use of articles in the following sentences.

1. __ porridge is burnt again! __ cheese smells rotten, __ butter is rancid. What a disaster.

2. __perfume smells like a Christmas tree.

3. Plants have long been used for making __perfume.

4. They went to the market to buy __fresh fruit.

5. The volcano buried the town in __ash and __lava. Centuries later archeologists excavated it from __ ash.

6. Isolating children from the real world is like building a fence with __barbed wire around a school.

7. The radio doesn’t work; it is not even attached to __ wire.

8. The UN Peace Program provides __food, __fuel, __shelter and __clean water for families in areas of conflict.

9. __ new fuel for commercial aircrafts would be very useful if it produced less waste and pollution.

10. Owning Picasso's brushes and __ paint does not make you an artist.

11. The fever should go down quickly after you take __ medicine.

12. If the total weight of __passenger baggage, including __hand luggage, does not exceed 10 kg, the number of checked pieces of __free baggage is not limited.

13. The queen always carried a vial of __poison with her. It was __ medicine in small doses, but __ deadly poison if anyone drank the whole vial.

14. __ iron is broken; it doesn't release__ steam when I press the button.

15. Does the building have an elevator large enough for __ furniture?

16. I always carry my own bag made of __ fabric. I don’t like all ___ plastic they give you at the store.

17. Wrap the loaf in ___foil and bake in a 180C oven for twenty minutes. Open ___ foil so that ___ bread browns and crisps.

18. ___petrol is a British name for ___ gasoline. The substance is made of ___ oil, or ___petroleum, which is a more specific name for __oil.

19. Joe was as red as a lobster and stayed in the shade, staring at the sunbathers lying on ___ sand.

20. The sailor reeked of ___liquor and ___ sweat. ___ liquor was probably ___ rum.

 

EXERCISE 4. Explain the difference between these pairs of sentences.

1. Please pass the bread.

We need to buy bread, cheese and sausage.

 

2. Do you take sugar in your coffee?

The sugar smells weird. I think I’ll pass.

 

3.  Would you like some coffee?

She stopped in a café to have a quick coffee.

 

4. The restaurant serves good food at affordable prices.

I love Italian food, especially pasta.

 

5. Soft coal is notorious for its content of pollutants, such as sulfur.

The coal is damp, and we need to dry it before burning.

 

6. From the pocket of the shirt he took a toothbrush and a small piece of soap.

Bar soap is a much greener choice than body wash.

 

7. Each recipe was written down on a separate sheet of paper.

Gladston bit at the tip of the pen and stared at the white paper in front of him.

 

8. Snow was falling heavily as we entered the village.

I could see footprints in the snow.

 

9. The teenagers were not allowed to wear make-up to school.

The audience noticed the artful make-up that made the actor look like a black swan indeed.

 

10. A lot of money was spent on the equipment of the new hospital.

The store sells a wide range of camping equipment.

 


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