There are two kinds of schools in Great Britain: state schools and public schools

State schools are free local schools controlled and paid from the state budget.

Public schools (such is well-known Eton school and St. Paul's school) are fee-paying boarding schools (boarding houses). They are not supported by government money, so tuition and board are paid for by parents or sponsors.

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Public schools are to give their pupils a pre-university education so as they will be able to pass exams in A level subjects.

Упражнение II. Переведите тексты 2 и 3 с повторениями, используя словарь урока:

Текст 2

Британской частной школе 500 лет. Методика преподавания за это время не претерпела никаких изменений.

Традиционное английское образование включает единый образовательный стандарт и дисциплину.

Единый стандарт - это стандарт знаний, которые должен освоить ученик по каждому предмету.

Дисциплина - это установленный порядок наказания:

- в первый раз нужно написать 500 английских слов;

- во второй раз - убирать в течение двух часов лужайку перед школой;

- в третий раз отстраняют от занятий на неделю, а четвертого раза быть не
может, так как наказание - исключение из школы: провинившегося вносят в
компьютерную базу, и его уже не примут ни в одну школу на территории
Англии.

Текст 3

Вот, к примеру, распорядок дня в школе Хэрроу. Подъем в 7.00. Сверка по списку (она производится трижды в день, каждая школа осознает меру ответственности за безопасность своих воспитанников), душ, завтрак. До 13.00 занятия. Ланч. Каждый день — 1,5 часа на домашние уроки. Их выполнение контролирует воспитатель. После уроков - клубы (на первом месте - спорт: гребля, крикет, хоккей на траве).

В общежитии обязательно живет кто-то из учителей и медсестра. В спальнях -никаких лишних вещей, телевизор можно смотреть только в определенное время в общей комнате отдыха. Довольно спартанские условия. Но именно это, по словам заместителя директора школы Хэрроу Сьюзен Моррис, позволяет научить ребят: а) работать в команде, б) быть лидером и в) быть самостоятельным - в чем, собственно, и заключается основная цель английского образования.

Упражнение III. Переведите с листа тексты 4а и 46:

Текст 4а

В августе страницы английских газет заполняются рекламами частных школ:

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RUGBY SCHOOL welcomes applications for SIXTH FORM SCHOLARSHIPS Enjoy two years in a School which values its tradition and has superb modern facilities, a friendly atmosphere and a forward-looking approach. A substantial number of Scholarships for boys and girls is available. A wide range of A-level subjects including Design, Business Studies, Drama and Theatre Studies, Computing, Politics and Russian is on offer. Applications should be received by 22nd October Ian Barlow, the Registrar, will be pleased to provide further details and a prospectus. Please telephone the Registry on 01788537035. Rugby School is a registered charity/or the purpose of providing education. The Times, September 27, 2002

Текст 4б

Is there a real alternative to Public School? Yes, Hurtwood House. A school that combines the best qualities of public school and sixth form college. Hurtwood House is a mixed, residential community, dedicated to the sixth form, where fresh stimulus and traditional values go hand in hand. 25 years ago, Hurtwood House was a vision of pre-university education Today it has become the envied reality. High up in the league tables, Hurtwood House achieved a 100% pass rate in eighteen A-level subjects this year and 99% of all students went on to University. Its teachers are Sixth Form specialists and every week they meet to review and monitor progress of each of the 280 students. Within its structured environment the emphasis is on self-motivation, which is why it offers the broadest possible canvas. Its busy world encompasses music, theatre, art, sport and recreation. The Times, August 27,2002

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Упражнение IV. Прочтите абзац про себя (3 минуты) и переведите его с листа (тексты 5 и 6):

Текст 5

Will Woodword

Educ ation editor__________________________________________________________

A report by the Design Council welcomed by the government says the £lbn spent by schools each year on classroom chairs, desks and equipment is often wasted on poorly-designed products, with little thought as to how they will improve the quality of learning.

The report urges designers, manufacturers and schools to work together to improve schools.

"When most people think of environments that inspire them, schools are likely to come low on the list. Yet learning should be inspirational. It is difficult to achieve this, and to motivate and retain the best teaching staff, if teachers and pupils see uncomfortable, noisy, rickety chairs. Rows of desks decorated with graffiti and hardened chewing gum. Unforgiving linoleum floors. Walls painted in drab colours. Harsh lighting.

The report accepts that there have been some changes to the stereotype in recent years with some classrooms having computers and whiteboards. But the improvements are nothing like those in homes, where digital television, the internet, mobile phones and games consoles enable people to entertain themselves at their own pace. The money spent on improving state schools is spread very thinly across 30,000 schools.

Текст 6

State schools in England are to be guaranteed a real increase in funding next year under plans being formulated by the education secretary, Charles Clarke, to prevent a repeat of this year's budget crisis.

But Damian Green, the shadow education secretary, said that 700 teachers faced redundancy this term because of budget cuts and a further 700 were going because of falling pupil numbers. "I would rather be a beggar than send my children to a state school", he added.

The Guardian,

November 21, 2003

Will Woodward

Education editor

 Note: redundancy = сокращение штатов

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Упражнение V. Переведите письменно первую часть текста (I) и устно по предложениям - вторую часть (П). См. переводческий комментарий;

I

TRY SPELLING IMPERIAL LEGACY

HONG KONG

THE FORMER BRITISH COLONY IS TRYING TO TRANSFORM

ITS EDUCATION SYSTEM

WHATEVER else sustained the British empire for so long, it was not Britain's education system. Its modern one still performs relatively poorly by most international comparisons. And unfortunately it exported the shortcomings of its earlier versions to many of its colonies, with Hong Kong suffering more than most. Kai-ming Cheng, professor of education at the University of Hong Kong, has shown that in 1999,23,000 candidates (18% of the total) sitting the major public examination at the end of secondary education in the former colony obtained no pass grades. They were "not fit for further studies and they are not employable."

The defects in both Britain's and Hong Kong's education systems were disguised by the fact that most people were employed in the low-skill, mass-manufacturing sector that predominated in both countries. They did not seem to need much education. But in the past 20 years, Hong Kong and Britain have lost more jobs in manufacturing than anywhere else apart from South Africa. According to the World Bank, in 1999 only 20% of Hong Kong's workforce was in the manufacturing sector, and this is expected to fall even further to 16% in 2005. As Hong Kong has de-industrialized, its education system has been exposed as inadequate to compete in what educationalists call the "knowledge economy".

II

The British woke up to this problem in the 1990s. Tony Blair's rallying cry for his first Labour government was "education, education, education". And it is only since the handover of the colony to China in 1997 that the new Hong Kong government has started to tackle this aspect of the colonial legacy. Education reform is one of the few areas where the government of the special administrative region enjoys widespread support.

In September 2000, Hong Kong's government published its reform proposals for the education system. The emphasis is now very much on a "lifelong learning society", to enable everyone to acquire new skills even after they have left school. Hong Kong is aiming to get away from its old system of learning by rote, in which pupils were endlessly drilled for a few very academic exams. The emphasis now is on encouraging pupils to think for themselves, and to develop flexible learning skills that will enable 60% of 18-30 year olds to be in tertiary education by 2010.

 

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 If Hong Kong is to retain its status as a major economic power in Asia, everyone is agreed that modernizing the archaic British education system is essential. A close observer of the problem, not usually given to exaggeration, said, "Hong Kong's survival is at stake."

The Economist,

February 23, 2003

Note: manufacturing sector of industry - making articles by physical labour  or machinery usually in large quantities = mechanical production.

Упражнение VI. Переведите на слух:

частные платные школы, tuition and board payment, tutor, сверка по списку, распорядок дня, единый образовательный стандарт, to learn by rote, гребля, хоккей на траве, unforgiving linoleum floors, министр образования теневого кабинета, кризис бюджета, redundancy, shortcomings, to obtain no pass grades.

Упражнение VII. Запишите под диктовку цифры и прочтите их по-английски:

21, 34, 69, 24, 19, 18, 61, 17, 73, 84, 16, 71, 82, 93, 7, 66, 78, 82, 93, 99, 68, 44, 55, 70, 60, 80, 90, 13, 14, 99, 38, 28, 49, 75, 77, 97, 10, 15, 66, 71, 30, 64, 87, 18, 29, 44,57,61,24,84, 18.

* * *

- How high can you count in English? - One, two, three... ten, Jack, Queen, and King.

ПЕРЕВОДЧЕСКИЙ КОММЕНТАРИЙ

Толковые одноязычные словари

Наиболее точное представление о смысловой структуре и употреблении иностранных слов переводчик может получить, обратившись к толковым одноязычным словарям конкретного иностранного языка.

Английские одноязычные словари. Переводчик в своей работе должен решать задачу двоякого рода: во-первых, выяснить значение неизвестного ему иностранного слова или второстепенное значение слова известного, а, во-вторых, получить сведения об оттенках значения и сочетаемости слова, чтобы точно его употреблять.

В первом случае переводчику нужен как можно более полный словарь, такой, например, как Webster's 3rd New International Dictionary (600,000 слов), Longman Dictionary of Contempory English (two volumes), American Heritage Dictionary (200,000). Данные словари являются самыми полными из современных словарей. Впрочем, для указанной цели подходят и средние по

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объему словари, такие, например, как Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (150.000) или Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English (75,000). Эти словари ориентированы прежде всего на толкование слов, а не на их употребление. При этом в словаре Concise Oxford даются наиболее компактные, универсальные определения слов, что позволяет понять слова в их целостности.

Во втором случае (когда необходимо уяснить сочетаемость слов) предпочтительно пользоваться словарями, ориентированными на употребление слов в тексте. Эти словари снабжены обширным аппаратом помет, которые указывают на синтаксическую функцию слов, включают большое количество примеров.