Вопрос 2 Психологический механизм профессиональной надежности моряков. Самоконтроль и его формы.
2. Psychological Mechanisms of Reliability: Self-Control
The main psychological mechanism of providing professional reliability is self-control. Self-control is the ability of a person to control himself, his actions, mental processes, emotions, behaviour. It's main function is self-checking (самопроверка).
It should be noted that self-control is a necessary condition of healthy, adequate mentality. There are various forms of self-control:
1. For example, a volitional attention (произвольное внимание) due to which a person supervises himself, his own behavior and activity.
2. Self-control is integrated into volition, strong-willed effort (волевое усилие) aimed at overcoming difficulties (obstacles) toward the planned purpose.
3. Self-control plays a basic role in a psychomotor ([͵saıkəʋʹməʋtə] – психомоторный, относящийся к произвольным движениям ) activity of a person. It is shown in conscious self-regulation of the required action, check of movement and coordination correctness, etc.
4. Self-control is brightly shown by the example of emotional states (эмоц. состояния):the person checks his own emotional state, revealing possible deviations.
E.g. In case of a 'mismatch ( рассоглассование), the mechanism of correction is switched on: it suppresses emotional "explosion", and returns emotional reaction to the normal state. It’s necessary to note, that influence upon emotions can have preventive character (упреждающий характер) as well.
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E.g. Expecting violation of emotional balance in the situations of danger, risk, increased responsibility, etc., a person seeks to prevent it by means of special methods of self-influence ( самовлияние ): self-persuasion ( самоубеждение ), self-orders (самоприказы), etc.
Emotions, Self-control & Traits of Character
(+) Self-control manifestation in the field of emotions is directly connected with such important trait of character as the self-possession (самообладание), which makes a person yield to reason ( слушать голоса разума ), not emotions, be able to carry out his activity in the most unfavourable circumstances.
(–) It is important to emphasize that violation or reduction of self-control inevitably leads to emergence of emotional problems. A person with a reduced self-control over the emotional sphere can show violent emotional reactions (excessive joy,, fear, anger, etc.). He is impulsive (импульсивный), inclined to hasty decisions and unreasonable judgments (склонный к поспешным решениям и необоснованным суждениям).