Fenimore Cooper

(1789 -1851)

Fenimore Cooper is the first well-known American novelist. The son of a rich landowner, Fenimore Cooper was brought up on the family estate, Cooperstown, in New Jersey. When he was only 13 years old, he entered Yale University. In his third year, he failed in his examinations and had to leave the university.

At the age of 17 he went to sea and spent six years as a sailor and later as an officer. He left the ship only when he got married.

For several years he lived on his estate, and it was there that he started writing novels. His novel “The Spy” was written during that period. In is a historical novel about the days of the War for Independence.

In 1826 Fenimore Cooper went to Europe. He wanted to give his children a good European education. While his children were studying, he and his wife travelled a lot and visited many countries. He wrote many books about his travels.

When Fenimore Cooper returned to the United States, he began writing his famous Leather-Stocking novels: “The Pioneers”(1823), “The Last of The Mohicans”(1826), “The Pathfinder”(1840) and some others. These novels are his best works; they are all about American Indians, whom the writer describes with much warmth and understanding.

7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1) When was Fenimore Cooper brought up?

2) Why did Fenimore Cooper go to Europe in 1826?

3) What novels are considered to be his best works?

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Paper cups

In 1900, in the United States there were no drinking fountains. Instead, public drinking dippers in water barrels were widely used by thirsty travelers.

One young man, named Hugh Moore, decided the practice was unsanitary. He wanted first of all to make pure spring water available, and he wanted a way for people to drink it which would be germ free.

Moore designed a cup made of paper. These paper cups seemed clumsy at first, but a drink of spring water from a clean paper cup was so inviting that thousands tried it.

Moore installed cup – vending machines at trolley line comers, and on a hot day a five – gallon bottle could be emptied in an hour. Sales of the “Health Cup” were assured once Moore succeeded in having them placed in railroads cars.

With the name changed to Dixie Cup, his sanitary paper containers became standard items on trains and in soda fountains. By 1960, Dixie Cups were selling at the rate of more than fifty million dollars worth per year.

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