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A. to ²measure the earth², and, the word, means, and, the science of shape, is, geometry, size of things.
B. determined, in, he, the volumes and surface areas, his, of spheres and cylinders, masterpiece On the Sphere and the Cylinder.
C. of the legs, the sum, of, a right triangle, of, the hypotenuse, of, the squares, of, equals, the square.
D. are, Thales, that, sides, wrote, the proof, corresponding, of, in, similar, proportion, triangles.
E. invented, along, Archimedes, geometry, Newton, Carl Friedrich Gauss, non-Euclidian, with, and.
Заполните пропуски подходящими словами из скобок. Расположите полученные предложения в порядке следования в тексте.
1) Who invented many mechanical ………. including the screw, the pulley and the lever (tools, devices, tackles, engines)?
2) Why was knowledge of ………. essential in 2900 BC (arithmetic, algebra, mathematics, geometry)?
3) What does the Pythagorean ………. state (axiom, theorem, concept, algorithm)?
4) In what way did Thales of Miletus begin to develop ………. of modern geometry (concepts, principles, ideas, doctrines)?
5) When did geometry first become ………. (analytic, convenient, fractal, famous, important)?
6) What kind of geometry doesn’t ………. to Euclidean geometry (deal with, refer, represent, transfer)?
7) When does the earliest record of a formula for calculating the area of a ………. date back (sphere, cylinder, triangle, square)?
8) What book by Euclid had a profound ………. on the development of Western Civilization (changes, doctrines, impact, mathematical inquiry)?
9) What did Descartes combine to create ………. geometry (fractal, algebraic, analytic, elliptic)?
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10) What reason is Euclid’s process of creation his postulates known as the axiomatic ………. (idea, approach, algorithm, viewpoint)?
11) Why is Pythagoras regarded as the first pure ………. (physicist, astronomer, mathematician, geographer)?
11. Используя полученные вопросы задания 10 в качестве плана, расскажите о развитии геометрии.
TEXT 7
EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY
1. Прочитайте текст и соотнесите каждый абзац со следующими утверждениями, выражающими их основную мысль:
A.A brief, simple, and self-evident system of postulates.
B. Euclidean geometry was the basis for the emergence of various geometries.
C. Euclid’s main achievements.
²The Euclidean geometry is the true geometry of the universe and to contradict it is to contradict thought itself²
