2015-03-08
944
I thank the almighty Creator with all my heart that he has granted to me, a sinful one, that I have, in praise and worship of him, revealed these two books to the unlearned English nation; the learned have no need of these books because their own learning can suffice for them
SUPPLEMENT 4
Old English rules of reading [5]
| Древне-английский звук | Буквенные обозначения звука в древнеанглийской латинице | Древнеанглийское слово с этим звуком | Перевод на современный английский |
| [y (ü)] | Y y, i | geniht, genyht | sufficiency, abundance |
| [æ] | a + e = ae, æ | Ælf; æsc | elf, fairy; ash-tree |
| [y: (ü:)] | Y y, ie | hyran, hieran | to hear, learn |
| [o:] | ō | os | a heathen god |
| [æ:] | a + e = ae, æ | fæge | doomed to die, fated |
| [f ] | F f | faran | to go, run, pass |
| [v] | F f (between vowels; between a vowel and a sonant) | ofer yrfe | over property, live-stock |
| [w] | W w; U u (Nth.) | wundor, uundor | wonder, miracle |
| [θ] | Þ, ð, Đ, þ | Þurh, ðeowman | through; serf, servant |
| [ð] | ð, þ (between vowels; between a vowel and a sonant) | baþian | to bathe |
| [s] | S s | spel | tale, story |
| [z] | S s (between vowels; between a vowel and a sonant) | risan | rise |
| [k] | C c (before back vowels and fronted by umlaut vowels) | com cynn (Cf. Goth kuni) | came kin |
| [k’], later [t∫] | C c (before front vowels) | cild | child |
| [sk’], later [∫] | Sc sc | sceadu | shadow, darkness |
| [g] | ჳ, later G g (before back vowels and consonants in initials; before fronted by umlaut vowels; after nasals) | God glidan ges singan | God glide geese sing |
| [g’:], later [dჳ] | Cg | brycg | bridge |
| [j] | ჳ, later G g (before front vowels) | geolu, geong | yellow, young |
| [χ] | H h (after back vowels) | sohte | to seek |
| [γ] | ჳ, later G g with back vowels (between and after back vowels; after r, l) | dagas slog sorg folgian | days killed sorrow follow |
| [γ’] | ჳ, later G g (between and after front vowels) | weg | way |
| [χ’] | H h (after front vowels) | niht | night |
| geminated consonants [θ: l: r: n: m: f: s:, etc.] | doubling (only between vowels) | siþþan, tellan, steorra, gewinnan, swimman, offrian, cyssan, etc. | since, tell, star, to conquer, swim, offer, kiss, etc. |
SUPPLEMENT 5
Middle English spelling changes [6]
| Древнеанглийский звук | Древнеанглийская орфография | Среднеанглийский звук | Среднеанглийская орфография |
| [k’], later [t∫] | C c cild | [t∫] | ch child |
| [sk’], later [∫] | sc sceal | [∫] schal, shal | schal, shal |
| [g] | ჳ | [g] | G g |
| [g’:], later [dჳ] | cg brycg | [dჳ] | dge bridge |
| [γ] | G g boga, dragan | [u] | w bowe, drawen |
| [γ’] | G g weg | [i] | wey |
| [χ’] | H h niht | gh night | |
| [k] | C c loc, cepan | [k] | K k, ck lock, keepe |
| [v] | F f heofon | [v] | V v heaven |
| [θ], [ð] | Þ, ð, Đ, þ Þer | [θ], [ð] | th there |
| [kw] | cwen | [kw] | qu queen |
| [æ] | þæt | [a] | A a that |
| [α:] | wrat | open [o:] | O o wrote |
| [y] | Y y, I i cyning | [i], [e], [u] | I i, E e, U u busi, king |
| Long vowels in the root (for instance [e:], [æ:], [i:], [o:]) | gemetan, sae (sæ), tid, fot | Close [e:], open [e:], [i:], close [o:] | doubling or diagraphs, or final e meet, sea, tide, foot |
| [u:] | U u ut | [u:] | ou out |
| [hw] | hw hwæt | [hw] | wh what |
