2015-04-20
484
Формула образования страдательного залога следующая:
| to be (в соответ. времени) + Participle II (-ed) |
То есть времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола “to be” в соответствующем времени и формы причастия II (или третьей формы смыслового глагола). Изменяется по временам только глагол “tо be”, смысловой же глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму. У правильных глаголов она совпадает с формой Past Simple и имеет окончание “-ed”.
| Tense | Active | Passive |
| Present Simple | He cooks the food | The food is cooked by him |
| Past Simple | He cooked the food | The food was cooked by him |
| Future Simple | He will cook the food | The food will be cooked by him |
| Present Continuous | He is cooking the food | The food is being cooked by him |
| Past Continuous | He was cooking the food | The food was being cooked by him |
| Future Continuous | He will be cooking the food | ------------------- |
| Present Perfect | He has cooked the food | The food has been cooked by him |
| Past Perfect | He had been cooking the food | The food had been cooked by him |
| Future Perfect | He will been cooking the food | The food will have been cooked by him |
| Present Perfect Continuous | He has been cooking the food | ------------------ |
| Past Perfect Continuous | He had been cooking the food | ------------------- |
| Future Perfect Continuous | He will have been cooking the food | ------------------- |
Как видно из таблицы, пассивный залог не употребляется во временах “Perfect Continuous”. Он заменяется в этом случае на “Perfect”. Несуществующая в языке форма “Future Continuous Passive” заменяется на “Future Simple Passive”.
