Match the parts of the sentences

WHAT IS GEOLOGY?

crust (Earth) кора (земная)

event ход событий

force (s) сила

evidence доказательство, подтверждение

to interpret интерпретировать; понимать

to affect действовать

endogenous эндогенный

exogenous экзогенный

to originate происходить, возникать

volcanic вулканический

activity активность

earthquake землетрясение

destructive разрушительный,

effect следствие

weathering выветривание

erosion эрозия

transport (of rock material) перенос

pertain to относиться, иметь отношение к чему-л.

be concerned with связанный с чем-л

draw on использовать

to decipher расшифровывать, понимать

Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms.

surface, earth, first, geology, carbonic, oxygen, history, living, consist, science, sides, kinds, limestone, transform, organism, formed, source

Pay attention to the stress in the following words.

geology, phenomena, proceed, participation, event, accumulation, climatology, saturate.

Read the text and fulfill the exercises.

TEXT 1

The word geology comes from the Greek language and means “science or knowledge of the Earth”. Geology has to do with the nature and development of the Earth’s crust. Events, which happened hundreds of millions of years ago, have to be reconstructed from evidence that is available. Geology has been subdivided into several specialized disciplines. Classical geology interprets the events of the past in terms of processes, which occur at present. The uppermost part of the crust is affected by two different kinds of force s. Firstly, there are e ndogenous forces that originate within the Earth. The crust is never completely at rest because of movements resulting from these endogenous forces. Everything is in motion. Volcanic activity and earthquakes are endogenous forces.

The form of the Earth’s surface is the result of a balance between the endogenous forces and exogenous forces that act at the Earth’s surface. They are the destructive effect s of the weathering, erosion and transport of rock material. The principal agents of this process are water, wind and in the polar and mountain ranges, ice. Endogenous forces can result in the formation of new rocks (for example, in volcanoes), while exogenous forces are destructive and transportive.

The study of the Earth’s geological history is called stratigraphy. Regional geology aims at the integration of all the geological information pertaining to a particular area and this is expressed in the form of geological map. Such maps are the essential basis of all kinds of practical geological work.

Applied geology is concerned with the practical use of geological knowledge (discovery of mineral resources, oil and water, etc.). The natural laws controlling geological processes have remained essentially the same for thousands of millions of years.

So geology is the study of the Earth’s history and draws on all the technological resources of modern science in deciphering the record of the rocks as documents of Earth history. The present state of geology has been attained as a result of much work spread over many years and even now, views on the Earth’s evolution and Man’s ideas of his own development are far from complete.

(Robert Lauterbach “The World of Geology -The Earth then and now”)

Match the parts of the sentences.

1. The word geology comes a. with the practical use of geological knowledge

2. Geology has become subdivided b. to a particular area.

3. We can draw c. into several more specialized disciplines.

4. The upper part of the crust is affected d. at the integration of the geological information.

5. The crust is constantly subjected e. from the Greek language.

6. Regional geology aims f. by two different kinds of forces.

7. This information pertains g. to vertical and horizontal movements

8. Applied geology is concerned h. on information from several disciplines