Techniques for gerund translation

1. It can be translated by a verb, e.g.: Saying is the one thing but doing is another -

Сказать - это одно, а сделать другое.

2. It can be translated as a participle, e.g.: By doing nothing we learn to do ill - Ничего не делая, мы учимся делать зло.

3. It can be translated by a noun, e.g.: We have obtained new results by considering changes in temperature -Мы получили новые результаты посредством

исследования изменений температуры.

Vocabulary

betain - бетаин

choline - холин

to diminish - снижать

mercaptan – меркаптан

Practice

Translate the following sentences paying attention to the gerund.

1. Seeing is believing.

2. They were against postponing the meeting.

3. It is worthwhile thinking over the effect I have just described.

4. We were all for starting this experiment.

5. The transfer to a slide for microscope reading requires careful handling.

6. This company started manufacturing synthetic catalyst in 1942.

7. Balancing is done by adjusting the position of the rods.

8. This is done by employing two gas channels.

9. They kept working.

10. Passing carbon vapours over the catalyst gives the moderate yield of mercaptan.

11.

Carrying out this reaction was hindered.

12. Substituting sulphur for nitrogen in the compounds of betain and choline types diminishes this effect.

Part 2

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text. Make the summary of the text.