Упражнение 2. Напишите исходные слова к данным производным и переведите их

movement, observation, constriction, shapeless, interference, tubu­lar, muscular, insufficient, digestion

Упражнение З. Прочтите текст В (10 мин). 1) Разделите текст на 4 части и назовите тему каждой из них. 2) Найдите в тексте предложения, где: а) инфинитив выполняет функцию подлежащего; б) обстоятельства; в) употребляются слова due, due to. 3) Переведите эти предложения.

Text В The Movements of the Stomach

It is advisable to study the movements of the stomach by direct obser­vation by means of the X-rays. In order to make the shape of the stom­ach visible the food - bread and milk - is mixed with a quantity of barium sulphate. The presence of this substance does not interfere with the processes of digestion, but renders the gastric contents to the Ront-gen rays.

In the human stomach the term fundus is limited to that part of the stomach situated above the cardiac orifice (in the erect position). The body of the stomach is marked off from tne pyloric part by the incisura angularis on the lesser curvature represented in many animals by a strong «transverse band». The pyloric portion consists of the pyloric vestibule (or antrum) and the pyloric canal, the latter being a tubular portion with thick muscular walls about 3 cm in length, especially well marked in children. When food has been swallowed (in the erect position) its weight is sufficient to overcome the resistance of the contracted gastric wall and some of it rapidly passes to the pyloric part. The remainder stays in the body of the stomach. It is due to constant pressure on its contents, that is

Lesson 9 <► 125

forced them towards the pylorus. Peristalsis begins almost at once, each constriction starting near the middle of the stomach, and deepening as it slowly progresses towards the pylorus. These waves succeed one an­other, so that the pyloric part may present a series of constrictions. Their effect is to force towards the pylorus the food which has been mixed with gastric juice. The longer the pylorus remains -closed the longer the food cannot escape and therefore is squeezed back, forming an axial reflux stream towards the body. These contractions last throughout the whole period of gastric digestion, and become more marked as it proceeds. Due to their action a thorough mixture of food and gastric juice results.

Movements of the stomach may be observed even on a stomach which has been excised and placed in warm water-salt solution. They must therefore have their origin in the walls of the stomach itself.

Упражнение 5. Прочтите данные суждения. Найдите в тексте В предложе­ния, более полно выражающие мысль суждений, и прочтите их.

1. It is advisable to study the movements of the stomach by means of X-rays. 2. The pyloric portion consists of the pyloric vestibule. 3. When food has been swallowed some of it passes to the pyloric part of the stomach. 4. Peristalsis begins near the middle of the stomach. 5. The contractions last throughout the whole period of gastric digestion.