Stones in the Kidneys

Clinical manifestation.

Very often an infection about the stone causes pyelonephritis or pyelo-nephrosis, resulting in the loss of the kidney.

The symptoms are mild fever, pain, malaise, anorexia, pus and albu­min in the urine, frequency of urination and mild burning. The diagnosis can be made by X-raying. The pain toward the thigh, hematuria, on rare occasions ulceration in the ureter, fever, are symptoms of renal colic.

Treatment should be directed toward its removal unless the stone is «silent».

Stones in the Kidneys

Clinical manifestation.

In many instances for years without symptoms. More commonly a mild infection about the stone develops into pyelonephritis or if the stone is large, into pyelonephrosis. Mild fever, pain, malaise and anor­exia, pus and albumin in the urine, frequency of urination and mild burning pain accompany this infection. The diagnosis can be made by an X-ray film. Renal colic is brought about by the entrance of a stone into the ureter while passing downward to the bladder. The pain de­scribed radiates toward the thigh. Hematuria is a diagnostic sign.

If the stone is not passed rapidly, infection may develop: pus in the urine, fever, when obstruction is present. Ulceration in the ureter is rare. Urine examination and X-ray help to diagnose renal colic. Treatment. If the stone is «silent», conservative treatment such as forcing fluid, sedation, etc., is prescribed. Analgetics may be required during the attack of colic. Ureteral catheterization, on rare occasions extra-peritoneal operation with incision into the ureter is necessary. If the stones are present in both kid­neys, it is preferable to operate first on the kidney with the poorer function.

Упражнение 9. Раскройте скобки, выбрав нужную форму причастия. Переведите предложения.

1. One week prior to the admission, the patient developed diarrhea (associated, associating) with weakness, fever and general malaise. 2. That report describes an (immuno suppressing, immuno suppressed) patient with mucosal and serosal ulcerations of the stomach, jejunum, ileum and ascending colon. 3. Stones are often carried in the kidneys for years (producing, produced) no symptoms. 4. The ulcer most common-

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Ly (associated, associating) with the gastrointestinal system is the peptic ulcer (occurring, occurred) as a gastric or duodenal ulcer. 5. The result of nephrolithiasis may be obstruction of the kidney, ureter, or bladder leading to (increased, increasing) pressure behind the stone.

Упражнение 10. Замените причастные обороты придаточными предложе­ниями, сделав соответствующие изменения, согласно образцу; исполь­зуйте союзы или союзные слова as, and, when, which.