2015-05-26
690
mens rea (лат.) – преступное намерение, преступный умысел;
actor (зд.) – преступник.
Упр. 6. Прочитайте текст и скажите, каковы основные элементы понятия «преступление» и какие существуют виды преступлений
ТЕКСТ 11
CRIME
A crime is any act or omission prohibited by law and punishable by the state in judicial proceeding. There are some necessary theoretical elements in a crime:
1. The act must involve a conscious, voluntary harm.
2. The act must have been legally prohibited at the time it was committed.
3. The perpetrator must have had criminal intent (mens rea) when he committed the crime. If the criminal act was «willful, or done with malice», criminal intent is present. However, there are several conditions under which in commission of a criminal act mens rea does not exist. They are: a) if the actor is below the age of criminal responsibility; b) if the actor is considered to be insane; c) if the actor was involved into committing the criminal act; d) if the act is accidental.
4. There must be some legally prescribed punishment for anyone convicted of the crime.
Crimes are not all of one type. They range from a minor traffic violation to murder. Some crimes can be classified in such a way:
– crimes against the person - homicide, murder, manslaughter, assault, battery, bodily harm, kidnapping, blackmail, rape;
– crimes against the property – theft, larceny, shoplifting, pocket-picking, robbery, burglary, criminal damage of property, forgery, arson;
– political offences – treason, terrorism, conspiracy;
– public order offences – breach of the peace, obstruction of police, unlawful assembly, possessing weapons, drug trafficking, vandalism;
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– road traffic offences – dangerous driving, speeding, drunken driving, driving without a license or insurance.
Упр. 7. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. What is a crime?
2. What is «mens rea»?
3. When does criminal intent exist?
4. In what criminal cases mens rea does not exist?
5. What are crimes against a) the person; b) property?
Упр. 8. Запомните следующие латинские термины
corpus delicti – состав преступления;
de facto – фактически (на деле);
de jure – юридически (по закону);
actus reus – виновное действие, преступное деяние;
mens rea – преступное намерение;
modus operandi – способ действий;
veto – вето, запрет.
Упр. 9. Назовите по-русски преступное действие, преступление и преступника
to blackmail – blackmail – blackmailer
to burglarize – burglary – burglar
to forge – forge – forger
to murder – murder – murderer
to offend – offence – offender
to rob – robbery – robber.
