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1. Therapist: O.K., folks! That’s bout all. Sit down-n’-listen.
Jane: No, I will stand for a while, if I may, Mr. Adams.
Nick: Come off, Bill!
Eden: Don’t you boss me around!..
2. Husband: I can’t do a thing right at work…
Wife: Well, we all’ave off days, pet, don’t let it worry you.
Husband: I’m not worrin’. My job’s so unimportant, nobody gives a damn, anyway..
3. The boy went down to the shore to help the old man to carry the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the mast with the sail wrapped around (E. M. Hemingway).
4. Discussion will engage both with current creative work and with the history of such cross-fertilization. Some of the participants will be practitioners in the visual as well as in theatre and written texts (The British council Advertisement).
5. First reduce the denominators to a common one by multiplying3 by 2; 3 times 2 makes 6; 6 divided by the denominator 3 gives 2; carry 2 over to the numerator of the first fraction and multiply it by 2; 2 times 2 are 4; 6 divided by the denominator 2 gives 3; 3 times 1 is 3; 4 plus 3 are 7. The answer is 7/6 (seven sixth).
6. – We have time, Herr Zippmann, to try your schnapps. Are there any German troops in Neustadt?
– No, Herr Offizier, that’s just what I’ve to tell you. This morning, four gentleme in all, we went out of Neustadt to meet the Herren Amerikaner (Heym).
7. Hello, kid! Gee, you look cute, all right! (Dreiser).
8. ‘Poor son of bitch’, he said, ‘I feel for him, and I’m sorry I was bastardly’ (Jones).
9. If manners maketh man, then manner and grooming maketh poodle (Steinbeck).
Determine the functions performed by the super-neutral words, colloquialisms, sub-neutral words and vulgarisms in the following examples:
1. In scientific work we usually measure in units of the metric or decimal system. It is the international system of measures and weights, which is based on the metre and the kilogramme.
2. Macroeconomics tries to understand the picture as a whole, it studies the overall values of output, of unemployment and of inflation.
3. Anthony… clapped him affectionately on the back. ‘You are a real knight-errant, Jimmy’, he said (Christie).
4. ‘We’ll run, you think, into that shark?’ – ‘Nope!’ (Bencheley).
5. He said, ‘That’s a hell of a note’ (Baldwin).
6. I wonder by my troth*, what thou, and I
Did till we loved? Were we not weaned* till then
But sucked on country* pleasures, childishly? (from John Donne The Good Morrow)
*by my troth – really (intensifier); *weaned – no longer drinking mother’s milk;
suck – всасывать, посасывать, потягивать;
*country – rustic (захолустный, мужицкий, простой)
Patterns for Stylistic Lexicological Analysis
1. At the level of lexical description of interest stylistically is / are …
2. The bookish / colloquial type of speech is marked by …
3. The text is remarkable for the use of …. vocabulary …
4. The bookish, colloquial, slang words … stands for the neutral …
5. The use of specific vocabulary (archaisms, barbarisms, terms dialectisms, etc.) serves to create a particular background (historical, local, professional, etc.).
6. The use of … serves for character drawing (indicates the social position, educational level), renders official / unofficial / familiar / humorous / sneering, etc. manner of speech.
7.… are used in closed context a) to achieve comic / humorous effect; b) to create connotations of irony / mockery, etc.
8. The specific (poetic, colloquial, etc.) vocabulary gives / renders a particular (solemn, grave, passionate, pompous, unofficial, familiar, etc.) tone to the text.
Sample of stylistic lexicological analysis
My dad had a small insurance agency in Newport. He had moved there because his sister had married old Newport money and was a big wheel in the Preservation Society. At fifteen I’m an orphan, and Vic moves in. ‘From now on you’ll do as I tell you’, he says. It impressed me. Vic had never really shown any muscle before. N. Travis.
The communicative situation is highly informal. The vocabulary includes not only standard colloquial words and expressions, such as ‘dad’, ‘to show muscles’ (which is based on metonymy), personal name in short variant ‘Vic’ and the intensifier ‘really’, but also the substandard metaphor ‘a big wheel’. The latter also indicates the lack of respect towards his aunt, which is further situated by his metonymical qualification of her husband – ‘old Newport money’.
Literature
1. Арнольд И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка. Стилистика декодирования. М., 1990. С. 61 – 101.
2. Кузнец М.Д., Скребнев Ю.М. Стилистика английского языка. М., 1960. С.. 42 – 66.
3. Skrebnev Y.M. Fundamentals of English Stylistics. М., 1994. Р. 55 – 82; 147 – 152.
4. Galperin I.R. Stylistics. М., 1971. P. 62 – 117.
5. Ivashkin M.P., Sdobnikov V.B., Seliaev A.V. A Manual of English Stylistics. Практикум по стилистике английского языка. Н.Новгород: НГЛУ им. Н.А. Добролюбова, 2002. Р. 22 – 37.
