2017-11-30
2363
Вправа 6. Прочитайте речення. Оберіть правильні відповіді (A, B, C or D) для пропусків. Речення 0 зроблено як приклад.
0 What did that man say ….. C …..?
1 Someone …… the tickets were free.
2 Last week Justin said to Till, “I’ll do it tomorrow”. He said he would do it …….
3 I don’t know why Nancy didn’t go to the meeting. She said she ……definitely going.
4 The librarian asked us ……..so much noise.
5 I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it ……. raining there.
6 The last time I saw Jonathan, he looked very relaxed. He explained that he’d been on holiday the …week.
7 I wonder ……. the tickets are on sale yet.
8 I told you …… switch off the computer, didn’t I?
9 Someone …….me there had been an accident on the motorway.
10 When I rang Tessa some times last week, she said she was busy…….day.
11 When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday. Martin asked if he ……. use the phone.
12 Judy ……. Going for a walk, but no one else wanted to.
| Aat you | Bfor you | Cto you | Dyou | |
| Asaid me | Bsaid me that | Ctold me | Dtold to me | |
| Athe following day | Bthe previous day | Ctomorrow | Dyesterday | |
| Abe | Bis | Cwas | Dwould | |
| Adon’t make | Bnot make | Cnot making | D not to make | |
| Ais | Bshould be | Cto be | Dwas | |
| Aearlier | Bfollowing | Cnext | Dprevious | |
| Awhat | Bwhether | Cwhere | Dwhen | |
| Adon’t | Bnot | Cnot to | Dto not | |
| Aasked | Bsaid | Cspoke | Dtold | |
| Athat | Bthe | Cthen | Dthis | |
| Acan | Bcould | C may | D must | |
| Aadmitted | Boffered | Cpromised | Dsuggested |
Вправа 7. Прочитайте текст. Оберіть правильні відповіді (A, B, C or D) для пропусків. Речення 0 зроблено як приклад.
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The police have warned people to watch out for two men who (0) …B… their way into an old woman’s home and stolen money. The men called on Mrs Iris Raine and said they (1) … from the water company and wanted to check (2) … her water was OK. They asked if she (3) …. Letting them into her house. The woman didn’t ask (4)…. Their identity cards. She said she (5)…. About any problem with the water. The men explained that they (6) ….the problem but that it was very simple and (7) …. Long to check. The woman asked if the service (8) …. Free, and they said yes. They wanted to know where the water tank was. While one man ran water in the kitchen, the other (9) … upstairs and took several hundred pounds from a drawer in a bedroom. The men then left saying that they (10) … the following day to have another look.
| Ahad tricked | Bhave tricked | Ctricked | Dwere tricked | |
| Aare | Bhave been | Chad been | Dwere | |
| Awhat | Bfor | Cwhether | Das soon | |
| Awould mind | Bwouldn’t mind | Cdon’t mind | Ddidn’t mind | |
| Aseeing | Bsee | Cto see | Dto seeing | |
| Adidn’t know | Bdoesn’t know | Cwouldn’t know | Dhasn’t know | |
| Ajust discover | Bhad just discover | Chave just discover | Dwere just discover | |
| Ahadn’t taken | Btook | Cwon’t take | Dwouldn’t take | |
| Awill be | Bis | Cwas | Dhas been | |
| Awent | Bgoes | Chad gone | Dis going | |
| Awill return | Bwould return | Creturned | Dreturn |
Вправа 8. Прочитайте речення. Додайте до кожного правильну форму слова у дужках. Речення 0 зроблено як приклад.
0 I was glad that he …had received…(to receive) a letter from her two days before.
1 Yesterday the mother …..(to ask) her little son if he ….(to be sorry) for what he….(to do) before.
2 Last week his wife …..(to promise) to write to him as soon as she ….(can).
3 Her mother says she ….. (to forget) to take her sandwiches.
4 His father said his son …… (to have to) work harder next term.
5 The clerk said the ticket ….(to cost) five pounds two years before.
6 I was sure that they ………. (to be) glad to see you the next year.
7 We knew that she …… (to live) in Paris before.
8 I thought that the Browns often …..(to receive) letters from their daughter.
9 I was sure that he …..(to work), and so I didn’t go into the room.
10 I think that they ……(to come) to an agreement.
Вправа 9. Заповніть пропуски відповідними формами дієслів say чи tell. Речення 0 зроблено як приклад.
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A ‘This sugar-free chocolate is delicious’, 0) said Sandra. ‘I can’t 1) ___ the difference between this chocolate and the one containing sugar.’ ‘I like it, too’, 2) ___ Mark. ‘I wish someone had 3) ___ me about it sooner. I could have lost so much weight!’ ‘To 4) ___ you the truth, I don’t think you should lose weight,’ 5) ___ Sandra. ’I like you just the way you are,’ she 6) ___ him.
B ‘I saw Paul in town today’, Steve 7) ___ Louise. ‘I 8) ___ good afternoon to him and I noticed that he’d had his hair cut. I should have 9) ___ something about it, but it looked awful, so I didn’t mention it’. ‘You did the right thing’, Louise 10) ___ him. ‘It’s better to 11) ___ nothing than to 12) ___ a lie’.
Вправа 10. Перепишіть подані речення за правилами непрямої мови. Речення 0 зроблено як приклад.
0) ‘What is your name?’ he asked me. – He asked me what my name was………..
1) ‘Where are you parents?’ Uncle Bill asked us.
2) ‘Will you help me carry the box, please?’ Dad asked.
3) ‘What time will you be home?’ Mum asked me.
4) ‘Can you play the guitar/” he asked her.
5) ‘Who was at the door?’ David asked Janet.
6) ‘Where is the post office?’ they asked us.
7) ‘When will you do your homework?’ Meg asked me.
8) The boss asked me, ‘Have you finished those reports?’
9) John asked Sam, ‘Do you like computer games?’
10) ‘Will you give me a lift to work, please?’ he asked her.
Дієприкметник
Дієприкметник – не особова форма дієслова, яка має властивості прикметника, прислівника і дієслова. Вважається, що дієприкметники бувають І (з закінченням -ing) і ІІ(з закінченням -ed). Але, насправді, дієприкметник має такі форми:
Таблиця № 1
| Форма дієприкметника | Неперехідні дієслова | Перехідні дієслова | |
| Active voice | Active voice | Passive Voice | |
| The Present Participle | sleeping | writing | being written |
| The Past Participle | slept | written | |
| The Perfect Participle | having slept | having written | having been written |
The Present Participle означає дію, одночасну з дією, вираженою дієсловом-присудком, і може, таким чином, стосуватися теперішнього, минулого або майбутнього часу.
Функції в реченні
А) Як обставина часу:
Walking home I didn’t hurry.
When walking home I didn’t hurry. Йдучи додому, я не поспішав.
While walking home I didn’t hurry.
Б) Як обставина причини:
Knowing the way I didn’t hurry. - Знаючи дорогу, я не поспішав.
Not knowing French she couldn’t understand us. – Не знаючи французької мови, вона не могла розуміти нас.
Being busy, she couldn’t speak to me. - Будучи зайнятою, вона не могла поговорити зі мною.
В) Як обставина образу дії:
He stood at the window thinking about his future.- Він стояв біля вікна, думаючи про своє майбутнє.
The Perfect Participle І Active виражає дію, що передує дії, вираженій дієсловом-присудком:
Having performed this part, he became a famous actor. – Виконавши цю роль, він став відомим актором.
Having written the letter, I took the book and began to read it. – Написавши листа, я взяв книгу і почав читати її.
The Perfect Participle І Passive вживається у функції обставини:
Having been performed at many concerts the music became popular .- Після того, як музика була виконана на багатьох концертах, вона стала популярною.
Participle ІІ є пасивним дієприкметником, має лише одну форму і вживається тоді, коли іменник або займенник, до якого він відноситься, позначає об’єкт вираженої дії: a respected man (поважний чоловік), a wounded soldier (поранений солдат),
a broken pencil (зламаний олівець), a written poem (написаний вірш).
I bought a text-book of chemistry published this year.
Таблиця 5
| ПОРІВНЯЙТЕ! | |
| Дієприкметник І (Present Participle) | Дієприкметник ІІ (Past Participle) |
| --------відображує незакінчений процес------ A fading flower lies on the table. Mary came in singing loudly. Whistling Tom left the room. Not knowing her address I cannot write to her. Studying English we must learn the words. | -------відображує закінчений процес------- Lost time never comes again. He has found a broken umbrella. The faded flower lies on the table. When asked he answered at once. |
Таблиця 6
| Форми Participle 1 | |
| Active | |
| indefinite | perfect |
| Entering the port the ship reduced her speed | Having entered the port we started to unload cargo. |
| Passive | |
| indefinite | perfect |
| Ships being built today must be verymodern. | Ships having been built last century were made of wood. |
Таблиця 7
| Absolute Nominative participle Construction |
| Іменник або займенник + Participle 1(Active or Passive) Weather permitting, we’ll start tomorrow. The book being taken from me, I cannot work any more. The day being piercing cold, he had no desire to loiter. His story told, he leaned back and sighed. |
Вправа 11. Перепишіть подані речення, обравши доречну форму дієприкметника. Речення 0 зроблено як приклад.
0) A: Did you enjoy the horror film?
B: No. It was very frightened/ frightening.
1) A: Mark is always biting his nails.
B: I know. It’s an extremely annoyed/annoying habit.
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2) A: Why doesn’t John study French?
B: He is not interested/interesting in learning a foreign language.
3) A: What did you think of that new restaurant?
B: It was awful! The food was disgusted/disgusting.
4) A: Miss Shaw is a wonderful teacher.
B: Yes. She is always encouraged/encouraging in her attitude towards the students.
5) A: Do you like windsurfing?
B: Yes. I find it very excited/exciting.
6) A: Vicky is good at art, isn’t she?
B: Yes. I was impressed/impressing by her paintings.
7) A: Did you see the fireworks last night?
B: Yes. It was an amazed/amazing display.
Вправа 12. Перепишіть подані речення, обравши доречну форму дієприкметника. Речення 0 зроблено як приклад.
0) Because she was tired, Katie went to bed. – Being tired, Katie went to bed.
1) He was sitting in the garden and he was drinking his tea.
2) After Janet had made dinner, she called the children.
3) The boy who is standing by the door is my brother.
4) Simon cut his hand while he was chopping some wood.
5) Donna had a shower before she went to bed.
6) Because we were late, we took a taxi.
7) Gary opened the window and breathed the fresh air.
8) She was lying on her bed and she was reading a book.
9) The jewels which were taken by the thieves were very valuable.
10) Amy picked up her pen and started to write the letter.
Вправа 13. Перепишіть подані речення, обравши доречну форму дієприкметника.
1) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil.
Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.
2) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful.
The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.
3) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table?
The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.
4) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.
The floor (washing, washed) by Ann looked very clean.
5) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) folk song.
We listened to the folk song (singing, sung) by the girls.
6) Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?
7) The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting.
8) Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.
9) We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.
10) The (losing, lost) book was found at last.
Вправа 14. Перепишіть подані речення, поставивши дієслова в дужках у форму Present Participle чи Perfect Participle.
1) (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard.
2) (to do) his homework, he went for a walk.
3) (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends.
4) (to sell) all the fruit, he went to his friends.
5) (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea.
6) (to drink) tea, she scalded her lips.
7) (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee.
8) (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs.
9) (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily.
10) (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.
Вправа 15. Перефразуйте подані речення так, щоб виділена частина стала абсолютним дієприкметниковим зворотом. Речення 0 зроблено як приклад.
0) After the sun had risen, they continued their way. – The sun having risen, they continued their way.
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1) As the front door was opened, she could see straight through the house.
2) As the situation was urgent, we had to go ahead.
3) When the greetings were over, Old Julian seated himself in a wicker chair.
4) The town of Crewe is known to be one of the most busy junctions in England: many railway lines pass through it.
5) We set off; the train was still coming down heavily.
6) Dinner was served on the terrace, as it was very close in the room.
7) There was in fact nothing to wait for, and we got down to work.
8) The question was rather difficult to answer at once, and I asked for permission to think it over.
9) He stood learning against the wall, his arms were folded.
10) There was very little time left; we had to harry.
ІІ півріччя
Інфінітив
В англійській мові інфінітив має форми стану, а також часу. Але часова форма інфінітива, як і інших неособових форм, лише вказує на співвіднесеність з моментом дії, вираженої дієсловом в особовій формі. При цьому форми стану звичайно мають лише перехідні дієслова.
| Форми інфінітива | Активний стан | Пасивний стан |
| Indefinite(Simple) | to read to go | to be red - |
| Continuous | to be reading to be going | - - |
| Perfect | to have read to have gone | to have been read - |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been reading to have been going | - |
Лише форми the Indefinite Infinitive активного і пасивного стану мають відповідні форми в українській мові:
to read – читати to be read – бути прочитаним
to write – писати to be written – бути написаним
Уживання інфінітиву
Інфінітив у реченні може бути:
а) підметом:
To elect and to be elected to the parliament is the right of every citizen of Ukraine guaranteed by the Constitution. – Обирати і бути обраним до парламенту – це право кожного громадянина України, гарантоване Конституцією.
б) іменною частиною складеного присудка:
Her desire is to be a student. - Її бажання – стати студенткою.
в) частиною дієслівного складеного присудка з модальними дієсловами та їхніми синонімами:
You must be careful.- Ви повинні бути уважними.
This text must be translated in one minute. - Цей текст має бути перекладений за одну хвилину.
You will have to do this exercise tomorrow. - Ти маєш зробити цю справу завтра.
г) прямим додатком:
We asked him not to go there. - Ми просили його не йти туди.
д) означенням:
І have no wish to be an engineer. - У мене немає бажання бути інженером.
e) обставиною:
He came here to speak to me, not to you. - Він прийшов сюди поговорити зі мною, а не з тобою.
