2018-01-08
515
Exercise 1.
1. The tractor can pull and push machines.
2. Wheeled tractors may have implements and machines mounted on them.
3. This new combine model has to offer more comfort for the driver.
4. The burning of fuel should provide power.
Exercise 2.
1. The totally comfortable seat can be adjusted seven ways to suit the operator.
2. In this cab, fully isolated on four rubber mounts, the operator is able to work long hours, free from noise, vibration and dust.
3. We must study all types of tractors.
4. One should study the basic parts of the engine.
Exercise 3.
1. The fuel should be clean and have no water.
2. We may classify tractors according to power produced.
3. The crawlers are able to push heavy loads.
4. Wheeled tractors may have mounted implements and machines on them.
Exercise 4.
1. Most of the tractors have tyres which can be placed closer or farther apart according to the distance between the rows that must be cultivated.
2. We had to change the oil regularly.
3. The dynamic wheel forces are to be reduced, particularly on the front axle.
4. The total weight of field machines should be as low as possible in order to reduce soil compaction.
Exercise 5.
1. This could be realized by axle suspension systems with adjustable characteristics or special devices for vibration isolation.
2. Air filtering systems have to be improved.
3. Researches have shown that the driver’s comfort can be considerably improved.
4. So-called “System Tractors” may replace some of the standard tractors of today in certain applications.
Exercise 6.
1. To improve the safety of the driver we have to increase the efficiency of the brakes.
2. The most universal application of tractors can be achieved by improved front and rear implement coupling systems.
3. Complete solutions for replacing the driver are not to be expected in the near future.
4. The camshaft must open the engine valves.
Exercise 7.
1. One should study the basic parts of the engine.
2. The tractor must be serviced properly.
3. The crawlers are able to pull or push heavy loads and machines.
4. Tractors can be classified according to the maximum power that their engines can produce.
Exercise 8.
1. The design criteria of the tractor are to be discussed at the conference.
2. One cannot use crawlers for light operations. They are to be used for heavy operations.
3. The burning of fuel should produce power.
4. We may classify tractors according to the power produced.
Exercise 9.
1. The new tractor model can pull the biggest implements.
2. The question must be raised as to wether the development of high tractor speed is justified by the transport needs in agriculture instead of using road vehicles.
3. Maximum tractor speeds are to be taken into consideration for future tractor designs.
4. The design of new tractors may include an improved selection of reverse gears so that tractor may be operated in reverse as well as in forward direction.
Exercise 10.
1. You can get more work done in less time, with fewer man hours.
2. You could place tyres according to the distance between the rows.
3. We must study all new types of modern tractor engines.
4. We shall be able to place tyres closer or farther apart when necessary.
ЗАВДАННЯ IV. Перепишіть наступні речення, підкресліть в кожному з них дієслово-присудок та визначте його видо-часову форму та стан. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
Exercise 1.
1. The mounted moldboard plow has rapidly gained in popularity in the last several years.
2. The coolant was circulating from the water jacket through the radiator.
3. Heat is being produced in the combustion chamber as the fuel is being burned.
4. Many tests have been recently carried out in order to determine the advantages of subsoiling but the results have been obtained of little value.
5. The circulation takes place when the pump is operating.
6. When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the results were published.
Exercise 2.
1. Two types of liquid cooling systems are used on farm tractors.
2. The cultivation machines used in modern agriculture have been developed through research and field testing.
3. The differential and final drive gears are being lubricated with the same lubricants.
4. By this time the farmers will have finished the soil cultivation.
5. Self-propelled machines with pick-up reel and vertical cutter bar have been widely used in Britain and Canada.
6. When the experiment was being made everybody was watching it with great interest
Exercise 3.
1. The weight of a crawler is greater that of a wheeled tractor.
2. The general - purpose type of plough body has become useful for the general ploughing work.
3. After a charge of fuel had been consumed the burnt gases were expelled from the cylinder.
4. The manufacturers will soon be able to give engineers the necessary information.
5. The plough has been used in its different forms for many centuries.
6. An excursion to the most advanced farms has been organized at our.
Exercise 4.
1. The cutting unit of a combine is often called the “ header” because it cuts the grain just below the heads.
2. A number of coulter systems are now being designed to allow the user to choose the most suitable system for his conditions.
3. Blue smoke appears from exhaust valves as too much oil has been mixed with the petrol.
4. Both mounted and semi-mounted types of ploughs are being produced.
5. The popularity of mounted ploughs has increased tremendously since the advent of hydraulic controls on tractors.
6. We have been experimenting with this new tractor model for more than three month.
Exercise 5.
1. The oil lubricated engine parts as it was running back to the oil pan.
2. The most important factor which provides the engine’s greater efficiency is proper maintenance.
3. The cultivation machines that are used in modern agriculture have been developed through research and field testing.
4. Hydraulic systems are used for control of both rear- and front- mounted implements.
5. The transition from animal power to mechanical power began in the twentieth century.
6. When these farm tools had been tested many times they were put into mass production.
Exercise 6.
1.The construction of straw walkers and sieves will be discussed at our scientific conference.
2.During the last 50 years agricultural production has depended on the universal application of the tractor.
3.When the bottom of the furrow slice have been cut, the mould board lifts and turns the soil.
4.The all-purpose wheeled tractor is designed to operate with all kinds of implements.
5.Very large four- wheel-drive tractors are also used for heavy works in agriculture.
6. Planters are equipped with fertilizer attachments which place the fertilizer on each side of die seed.
Exercise 7.
1.The development of power farming (сільське господарство на промисловій основі) has had a tremendous effect on the American way of life.
2.The semi- mounted ploughs are not lifted off the ground.
3.After the charge of fuel had been consumed the burnt gases were expelled from the cylinder.
4.Many agricultural plants were harvested by hand not so long ago.
5.Without mechanization great productive capacity of agriculture will not be possible.
6. Almost all the recommended daily, weekly and monthly overhauls were attended to and the air filter oil was changed 16 times.
Exercise 8.
1.Fresh air is drawn through a filter.
2.The deferential and final drives gears are being lubricated with the same lubricants.
3.Ploughs have become main implements used for soil preparation.
4 Many hectares of land have been put under cultivation in our region this year.
5.We had discussed all the details of a new tractor model before the test were made.
6. Before the injectors were changed, the maximum deprecation in power over the year was found to be 3.7 h.p. at rated speed.
Exercise 9.
1.The plough has become the implement used for soil cultivation.
2.In the internal combustion piston engine,the fuel is forced into the space between the cylinder head and the piston which is usually called the combustion chamber or space.
3.Ball bearings are being used in these pumps so that they can be lubricated for life and, therefore, offer little maintenance problems.
4.Pumps of the centrifugal types are found in the forced circulation systems.
5.Manifolds are employed to conduct the gases into and out of the cylinders.
6. We were informed that great work bad been carried out on he new tractor model development.
Exercise 10.
1.After a charge of fuel has been consumed the burnt gases were expelled from the cylinder.
2.Heat is being produced in the combustion chamber.
3.The cultivation machines used in modern agriculture have been developed through research and field testing.
4.By this time the farmers will have finished the soil cultivation.
5.The plow has become the implement used for soil cultivation.
6.It often happens that front-wheel hearings run for years with no attention other than greasing.
