2018-01-08
3237
I. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
mentality – менталітет, розумові здібності
to carry out – проводити (заняття)
to consider – вважати
to aspire – прагнути, домагатися
profitable – корисний
joy – радість, задоволення
faith – довіра
demand – вимогливість
so-called – так званий
to be subordinated to – підпорядковуватися
all-round development – всебічний розвиток
participant – учасник
II. Read and translate the following text:
K. D. Ushinsky is a famous educator and reformist. He combined ideal and material aspects of education. He followed Darwin’s theory that was reflected in his pedagogical philosophy. Especially he paid attention to the role of labour in human evolution and made a stress on its role in a child’s upbringing.
Free labour should become the base in upbringing and human development. Education should cultivate love and wish to labour, and physical development.
The idea of nationality was in the basis of Ushinsky’ pedagogics. Children should be brought up according to their nationality and mentality. Education has to be carried out in their mother tongue.
A. S. Makarenko was born in Ukraine and he is considered to be a Soviet educator.
He had to agree his pedagogical system with the ideology of those times. The main idea of Makarenko was upbringing and education in community or collective. In order to develop and to live, a collective should have and aspire for a common goal or purpose. It will form the sense of optimism. Discipline, democracy and subordination are the main parts of his collective. Makarenko paid a great attention to labour in the process of upbringing. He involved his pupils not only to household activities, but also to profitable and productive work.
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Family was also a member of the upbringing process. A child in the family should not see much attention paid to him. Relations in a “big family” – community became a model of an organised structure.
Makarenko’s principles of upbringing:
- upbringing in labour;
- principle of a future joy;
- children’s government;
- method of reliability and faith to children;
- demand and respect.
V. D. Suhomlinsky began his activity and so-called experiment with education of six year old children. He took into consideration the peculiarities of a child’s personality. He used principally different ways of teaching to read and to write. He combined social and individual demands of upbringing during those complicated times, when individual interests had to be subordinated to the society and the state. He insisted on humanity and respect to children.
As well as Makarenko, Suhomlinsky thought: “Labour and only labour is the basis of an all-round development of a personality”. He tried to combine labour with moral, intellectual, aesthetic and physical development, the variety of labour activities and creativity in labour.
In pedagogical system of Suhomlinsky family, parents should become active participants in upbringing.
As to teachers, they should fully love and respect their pupils. Teachers have always to do self-education and enlarge their knowledge.
III. Find English equivalents:
педагогічні погляди, приймати до уваги, зрощувати любов, рідна мова, підпорядкування, продуктивна праця, творчість в праці, збагачувати знання
IV. Make up word combinations:
1. material a. demands
2. child’s b. development
3. labour c. household
4. to do d. knowledge
5. to enlarge e. personality
6. individual f. aspects
7. all-round g. activity
