2018-01-21
513
(1 курс Рз, Рзс I семестр)
ВАРИАНТ 1
Задание 1. Перепишите и переведите текст:
The Weather and Weather Forecasting.
The complex physical processes which occur in the Earth’s atmosphere produce the phenomena widely known as the weather. The study of the Earth’s atmosphere and the weather is known as meteorology, and an expert in meteorology is a meteorologist. He knows how to predict the weather and to warn those endangered by approaching storms. As the improvement of both understanding and prediction depends on more detailed observations of the weather the meteorologist has to learn how the resources of modern science can be applied to his problems.
There are several thousand weather observation stations which are scattered all over the world. All these stations readings of the weather are taken every three hours and sent to forecasting centers. Special balloons are also used to supplement data obtained from surface stations. They measure temperature, pressure and humidity and send back information by radio from various altitudes up to 30 kilometers.
Nowadays signals are received from weather satellites. They circle the Earth at height of more than 750 kilometers and transmit pictures of clouds and their movements. Continuous watches are kept at airports where clouds heights, visibility and winds are observed in particular.
All these observations are collected at forecasting centres. At many of these centres computers are used to analyze the data. The computer is programmed to work through a series of equations which describe the physical laws that govern changes in the atmosphere. He computer prints out maps which predict the pressure patterns for up to days ahead.
The forecaster makes his own forecast based on a study of the atmospheric conditions, and then he uses the computed forecast to check his own. He can also use information that is provided by weather radar.
Next, the forecast translated the atmospheric conditions into weather, predicting exactly where and when there might be rain, fog, gales or any other changes in the weather.
Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What do the complex physical processes which occur in the Earth’s atmosphere produce?
2. What is the study of the Earth’s atmosphere and the weather called?
3. What must the meteorologist know and do?
4. Why has he had to apply the resources of modern science to his problem?
5. How often are weather readings taken at weather observation stations and where are they sent?
6. How do special balloons work?
7. How do weather satellites work?
8. Where are all these observations collected? What device helps to analyze the data?
9. What does the forecast predict?
Задание 3. Внимательно прочитайте каждое предложение. Выберите нужное время:
Present Perfect or Past Simple. Запишите составленное предложение.
Например: I have studied/ studied German at school but I have forgotten/ forgot all of it now.
Составленное предложение: I studied German at school but I have forgotten all of it now.
1. The rain has stopped/ The rain stopped half an hour ago, but the crew hasn’t started/the crew didn’t start/loading yet.
2. The weather has become/ The weather became milder recently and we can start using the swimming pool again.
3. Have you seen/ Did you see the whales when you have been/ you were on watch.
4. “Today is Sunday. Our radio operator gave/ has given a stormy warning to the Master, which he received/ has received last Friday.
5. “Why do you feel you could do this job?” “Well, I have done / did similar job before.
6. “Have you met / Did you meet the Agent before?” “I don’t think so. Pleased to meet you?”
7. We have developed / We developed the problem which we are working on at the moment.
Задание 4. Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в Present или Past Simple, или в Present Continuous.
1. ”When the Browns (to return) to London from Paris”. ” I Think they (to come back) two months ago.
2. “When you usually (to start work?” “/usually (to start) work at 9o’clock in the morning.
3. “How long the Volkovs (to stay) in London?” “they (to stay) there for three months.
4. “What Mr. Smith (to do) now?” “He (to look) through the letters.
Задание 5. Найдите в тексте “The weather and Weather Forecasting” английские эквиваленты.
наблюдения за погодой, понимание и предсказание, приближающийся шторм, погодные явления, атмосфера Земли, метеостанция, спутник, высота облаков, видимость, ветер, метеоролог, сильный дождь, туман, штормовой ветер, наземные метеостанции, влажность, центр прогноза погоды, изучение атмосферных условий, показания погоды, различные высоты, изучать явления погоды, предсказывать погоду, предупреждать, подвергать опасности, зависеть от детальных наблюдений, применять, разбрасывать по всему свету, получить данные, измерить давление, передать картину облаков, анализировать данные.
Задание 6. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Несколько тысяч метеостанций разбросаны по всему свету.
2. Метеорология-это наука, которая изучает атмосферу Земли и погоду.
3. Метеоролог точно предсказывает, где и когда может быть дождь, туман, сильный штормовой ветер и другие изменения погоды.
4. Воздушные шары измеряют температуру, давление, влажность и отправляют информацию с различных высот.
5. Погодные показания делаются каждые три часа.
6. Погодные спутники передают рисунок облаков и их движение.
7. Метеоролог должен знать, как применить научные данные к проблемам предсказания погоды.
8. Погодные спутники кружатся, вокруг земли на высоте более750 км.
Задание 7. Переведите диалог на русский язык.
Ali: What’s the weather like in your county?
John: It’s very wet. It rains for nine months of the year.
Ali:We have little rain in our country. But when it does rain, we have terrible thunderstorms and sometimes hurricanes.
John: The temperature at home is mild most of the time, except in winter, when for a few month it becomes very cold.
Ali: Oh, my country is hot during the day and just a little cooler at night all year long.
John: I don’t think that you ever have snowstorms.
Ali: No, we have dust storms in the early spring and late autumn. It never gets cold enough to snow.
Задание 8. Переведите диалог на английский язык.
А: Ты слышал прогноз погоды на сегодня?
В: Предсказали солнечный день, но посмотри в окно: похоже, будет дождь.
А: Да… А как они узнают, какая будет погоды?
В: Ну, они используют метеоспутники, радары, воздушные шарфы. Тысячи метеостанций разбросаны по свету. Они оборудованы компьютерами, которые обрабатывают все данные о погоде.
А: А почему они не посмотрят в окно?
