2018-01-21
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Constructivism - A theory of identity group formation that argues identities are created through a complex process usually referred to as social construction; societies collectively “construct” identities as a wide array of actors continually discusses the question of who “we” are, and identity groups are not frozen in time, though change relatively slowly, and each individual can be part of more than one group
2) Political realism is a theory of political philosophy that attempts to explain, model, and prescribe political relations. It takes as its assumption that power is (or ought to be) the primary end of political action, whether in the domestic or international arena. In the domestic arena, the theory asserts that politicians do, or should, strive to maximize their power, whilst on the international stage, nation states are seen as the primary agents that maximize, or ought to maximize, their power. The theory is therefore to be examined as either a prescription of what ought to be the case, that is, nations and politicians ought to pursue power or their own interests, or as a description of the ruling state of affairs-that nations and politicians only pursue (and perhaps only can pursue) power or self-interest.
Exam Card # 28
On discipline "Political science”
Theories of identity, Instrumentalism.
Primordialism A theory of identity that sees identity groups as in some sense "natural" or God given, having existed since "time immemorial," and able to be defined unambiguously by such clear criteria as kinship, language, culture, or phenotype
Constructivism A theory of identity group formation that argues identities are created through a complex process usually referred to as social construction; societies collectively “construct” identities as a wide array of actors continually discusses the question of who “we” are, and identity groups are not frozen in time, though change relatively slowly, and each individual can be part of more than one group
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Instrumentalism -An elite theory of identity politics: rational and self-interested elites manipulate symbols and feelings of identity to mobilize a political following
Enclave
The republic of San Marino, an enclave within Italy.
*Vatican City, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy.
•The Kingdom of Lesotho, an enclave within South Africa.
As a concept in international law, an enclave is any portion of a state that is entirely surrounded by the territory of another state. It follows from this definition that, in order to enter or exit an enclave, one must cross the territory of another state, either by land, sea or air. Enclaves, which were quite numerous in past centuries, are now very uncommon. The concept of enclave is applicable at both the international and sub-national level.
The word enclave is sometimes used improperly]to denote also a territory that is only partly surrounded by one or more other states. Small coastal territories that can be entered or exited by air or sea without crossing the territory of another state (e.g., Gibraltar, Ceuta, Monaco, Kaliningrad and Cabinda) are not actually enclaves. The expression "true enclave" is sometimes used to denote territories that strictly meet the definition of an enclave.
