Electrical and electronics engineering

Electrical and electronics engineering is the largest and most diverse field of engineering. It is concerned with the development and design, application, and manufacture of systems and devices that use electric power and signals. Among the most important subjects in the field are electric power and machinery, electronic circuits, control systems, computer design, superconductors, solid-state electronics, medical imaging systems, robotics, lasers, radar, consumer electronics, and fibre optics.

Despite its diversity, electrical engineering can be divided into four main branches: electronic power and machinery, electronics, communications and control, and computers.

Electric power and machinery

The field of electric power is concerned with the design and operation of systems for generating, transmitting, and distributing electric power Engineers in this field have brought about several important developments since the late 1970s. One of these is the ability to transmit power at extremely high voltages in both the direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) modes, reducing power losses proportionately. Another is the real-time control of power generation, transmission, and distribution, using computers to analyse the data fed back from the power system to a central station and thereby optimizing the efficiency of the system while it is in operation.

A significant advance in the engineering of electric machinery has been the introduction of electronic controls that enable AC motors to run at variable speeds by adjusting the frequency of the current fed into them. DC motors have also been made to run more efficiently this way.

 

Вариант 5.

 

I. Перепишите предложение раскрыв скобки и употребив глагол в соответствующей временной форме группы Perfect Active и Passive. Переведите.

1. That man (stand) at the bus stop for the last half hour. Shall I tell him that the last bus already (go)?
2. When we came out of the restaurant, we saw that our car (disappear).
3. A special edition for children (be written) by the author.
4. Helen (learn) English since last autumn.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в них модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Do I have to pay in cash next week or can I give you a cheque?
2. People shouldn’t be allowed to park there.
3. These factors are not to be considered the most important in helping us to improve the quality of the service.
4. I’m afraid that he won’t be able to come back in time.

 

 

III. Перепишите предложения раскрыв скобки и употребив глагол в придаточных предложениях времени и условия в соответствующей форме.

1. I shan’t buy tomatoes till the price (come) down.
2. After the plane (land) you may unfasten your belts.
3. If you (not go) away I’ll send for the police.
4. Unless I have a quiet room I (not be able) to do any work.

 

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I, Participle II и Gerund и установите функции каждого из них. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. You’d better consult your lawyer before deciding to buy the property.
2. Having been advised by the doctor to go to the south, she decided to spend her leave in Sochi.
3. A balsa tree found in South America is lighter than any other.
4. The tree unrooted by the gale, had fallen across the road.

V. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Подписано ли это письмо?
2. В котором часу вы должны быть в институте завтра?
3. Если он не придет завтра, пошлите ему телеграмму.
4. Рабочие, разгружающие пароход, будут свободны через час.

 

VI. Переписать и перевести текст.

Electronics

Electronic engineering deals with the research, design, integration, and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information. Information is now generated, transmitted, received, and stored electronically on a scale unprecedented in history, and there is every indication that the explosive rate of growth in this field will continue unabated.

Electronic engineers design circuits to perform specific tasks, such as amplifying electronic signals, adding binary numbers, and demodulating radio signals to recover the information they carry. Circuits are also used to generate waveforms useful for synchronization and timing, as in television, and for correcting errors in digital information, as in telecommunications.

Prior to the 1960s, circuits consisted of separate electronic devices – resistors, capacitors, inductors, and vacuum tubes – assembled on a chassis and connected by wires to form a bulky package. The electronics revolution of the 1970s and 1980s set the trend towards integrating electronic devices on a single tiny chip of silicon or some other semiconductive material. The complex task of manufacturing these chips uses the most advanced technology, including computers, electron-beam lithography, micro-manipulators, ion-beam implantation, and ultraclean environments. Much of the research in electronics is directed towards creating even smaller chips, faster switching of components, and three-dimensional integrated circuits.