2017-10-25
4184
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ
К практическим занятиям по дисциплине
английский язык для студентов специальностей
130504 «Бурение нефтяных и газовых скважин»,
130602 «Машины и оборудование нефтяных и газовых промыслов»
Капитальный ремонт скважин»
Очной и заочной форм обучения
Ноябрьск 2016 г
Unit 1
Wells
Vocabulary
| well (n) marsh (n) offshore (v) exploration (n) development (n) wildcat well (n) subsurface (n) to confirm (v) to deny (v) profitable (v) wellhead (n) casing (n) well bore (n) | скважина болото в открытом море разведка разработка разведочная скважина подземный подтверждать отрицать выгодный устье скважины обсадка ствол скважины |
1. Translate into Russian
to drill - drilling - drilled; equip - equipment; require - requirement; surface - subsurface; excavate - excavation; to penetrate - penetration; to explore -exploration; to produce - production - productive; profit - profitable.
2. Read the textand find the equivalents of following words andword combinations
Бурить; ствол скважины; на море; подтвердить наличие нефти; разведочная скважина; продуктивная скважина; эксплуатационная скважина; добывать углеводороды; присутствие нефти; на площади, где нет добычи; на поверхности скважины; необходимо несколько скважин; с помощью современных методов разведки; окажется продуктивной; обсадка; устье скважины.
3. Read the text.Translate it and answer the questions.
Wells.
Oil and gas wells are being drilled in almost every country in the world, on land, in marshes, and offshore. These wells are generally classified as two land exploration wells and development wells.
An exploration well or «wildcat» is one that is drilled primarily for the purpose of determining that oil or gas actually exists in a subsurface rock formation. It is only after a well is drilled into a formation that the presence of oil or gas can definitely be confirmed or denied to be present.
A development well is a well that is drilled after an exploration well has confirmed the presence of petroleum in the formation: Usually it takes several development wells to efficiently produce hydrocarbons from a formation.
A wildcat is a well drilled in an area where no oil or gas production exists. With present day exploration methods and equipment about one wildcat out of every nine proves to be productive although not necessary profitable.
A wellhead equipment is installed at the surface of the wellbore. A wellhead includes such equipment as casing and tubing. Wellbore is a borehole drilled by a bit may have casing in it or may be open (i.e. uncased).
1. What is the first step in oil and gas production?
2. Where are oil and gas wells being drilled?
3. Is it possible to drill wells offshore?
4. In what way are wells classified?
5. How do they call exploration wells?
6. When can the presence of oil be confirmed?
7. When is the development well drilled?
8. When is a wildcat drilled?
9. Are all drilled wildcat wells productive?
10. What is a wellhead?
11. What is a wellbore?
4. Translate into English
1. Нефтяные и газовые скважины бурят на суше и на море.
2. Скважины делятся на разведочные и эксплуатационные.
3. Разведочные скважины бурятся для определения наличия нефти в пласте.
4. Эксплуатационные скважины бурят после подтверждения наличия нефти в пласте.
5. С помощью современных методов разведки, технологий и оборудования, можно определить продуктивность скважин.
6. Пробуренные скважины могут быть обсаженными и открытыми.
5. Translate the text without adictionary
Wells are classified as shallow, deep and super deep.
The industry's definition of a «deep well» has changed through the years -Colonel Drake's famous 69 - ft well was deep by 1859 standards, the 10000 ft -mark was reached in 1931, 15000 ft-in 1938,20000 ft-in 1949,25000 ft - in 1958, and 30000 ft - in 1972. Only 2 wells have been drilled bellow 30000 ft in the U.S., with the deeper of the two a 31441 ft hole in 1974. The deepest well in the world was drilled in the Soviet Union. It was below 34895 ft. This well spudded (spud - забуривать) for 10 year and had a target depth (проектная глубина) 15000 meters or 49212 ft.
Unit 2
Rig Personnel
Vocabulary
| crew (n) to consist of (v) floorman (n) derrickman (n) a motorman (n) foreman (n) a mud-engineer (n) logging (n) rig-floor (n) pipe(n) «monkey-board» (n) remote (adj) to run casing tool pusher (n) an employee (n) derrick (n) brake (n) drawworks (n) contractor (n) to hire (v) shift (n) TP, tool pusher, rig master (n) technologist (n), drilling engineer (n) crane operator (n) roustabout (n) safety specialist (n) shack, doghouse (n) mess, canteen (n) wages (n) salary pay (n) first aid post, medical station (n) | бригада состоять помощник верховой дизелист мастер инженер по растворам каратаж пол буровой установки труба верхняя площадка отдалённый спускать обсадку буровой мастер служащий вышка тормоз лебёдка подрядчик нанимать смена буровой мастер технолог крановщик разнорабочий специалист по безопасности вагончик столовая зарплата (для рабочих) зарплата (для служащих) медпункт |
1. Read and translate the text
Rig Personnel
The typical drilling rig crew consists of a driller, two or three floormen or «roughnecks», a derrickman and perhaps a motorman. The drilling operation is supervised by a drilling supervisor, more often known as a drilling foreman or tool pusher, augmented by a drilling engineer, a wellsite geologist, a mud engineer and a mud logger.
The floormen do the hard work on the rig floor. It consists mainly of making and breaking connections and adding or removing joints of drillpipe, while the derrickman assists the operation on the «monkey board» 60, 90 or 120 feet up in the derrick. The driller controls all the rig functions and handles the brakes from his console.
A single drilling crew normally works an 8 - hour tour (pronounced «tower») each day. However in remote or offshore locations a crew may work a 12 - hour tour. When running casing a special casing crew is called in, or a drilling crew will work overtime to assist the next tower crew in the operation.
Typically, the toolpusher and the drilling crew will be employees of a drilling contractor, whereas the drilling engineer and wellsite geologist are employees of producing company or consultants.
Well drilling is a job that usually goes on twenty - four hours a day, seven days a week, including most holidays. As a result the contractor must hire at least three or sometimes four complete crews. The people who work on rigs usually work in shifts. If the land rig is located near the city (thus allowing the crew to drive to and from work every day). But in remote areas, where distances to the rig are often measured in thousands of kilometers a crew cannot economically travel back and fourth every day, so, the contractor provides comfortable, temporary living conditions.
2. Answer the questions
1. How many persons does the typical drilling crew consist of?
2. What are they?
3. Who supervises drilling operation?
4. Who does the hard work on the rig floor?
5. What does the derrick man do? Is his work hard?
6. Who controls all the rig functions?
7. How long does drilling crew normally work?
8.Do you know anything about drilling crews in our region?
9. How long do they work?
10. Do you know any famous foreman in our region?
3. Fill in the blanks with suitable words
1. A driller, a derrickman and two or three helpers who operate a drilling rig. This is a ….
2. The employee directly in charge of drilling rig and crew. His main duty is operation of the drilling and hoisting equipment, but he is also responsible for the downhole condition of the well operation of downhole tools and pipe meas- urements. What is he? He is а ….
3. The supervisor of drilling operations on a rig, also a toolpoosher. How
do they call him? He is a....
4. The crew member who handles the upper end of the drill stem as it is being hoisted out or lowered into the hole is a....
5. A technically trained man who has specialized in the study of drilling techniques and fully understands drilling procedure is an....
6. A person whose duty is to test and maintain the properties of the drilling mud is a....
4. You were on practice. Tell something about the people you worked with on your practice.
Unit 3
Rig Component Vocabulary
| oil and gas production (n) well (n) hole (n) rig (n) to require (v) a lot of convenient (adj.) to divide (v) main (adj.) power (n) hoisting system (n) to rotate (v) internal combustion engine (n) source (n) mover (n) traveling block (n) rope (n) mast (n) derrick (n) string (n) to rate (v) load (n) to withstand (v) side (h) drawworks (n) capacity (n) | добыча нефти и газа скважина скважина, отверстие установка требовать много удобный делить главный мощность, энергия талевая система вращать двигатель внутреннего сгорания источник двигатель передвижной блок тросс мачта вышка колонна оценивать, классифицировать нагрузка выдерживать сторона лебёдка мощность, нагрузка |
1. Read the text aiming for a general grasp
Rig Components
Oil and gas production begins with construction of a well or drilling operation. There are some methods of drilling, but rotary drilling is almost always used in industry. Making holes with a rotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but a lot of equipment as well. In order to learn about the components it is convenient to divide them into four main systems: power, hoisting, rotating and circulating.
Practically every rig uses internal combustion engine as its prime power source, or its prime mover.
Every rig must have a hoisting system, which is made up of a drawworks (hoist), a mast or a derrick, the crown block, the travelling block and a wire rope.
Masts and derricks have to be as strong as possible. On a deep well the string may weigh as much as 225000 kilograms (that's 225 tons). Manufacturers of derricks and masts usually rate their products in terms of vertical loads they.can carry and the wind load they can withstand from the side. Derrick or mast capacities for vertical loads vary from 100 up to 700 tones. Most derricks and masts can withstand a wind load of 160 to 210 kilometers per hour.
2. Read the text and translate it in a written form
The Depth Rating Question
RIGS — In the United States. There are over 63 rigs rated to at least 30,000 ft with 4 1/2-in. drill pipe. Included in these 65 are three rigs rated to 35.000 ft with 4 1/2-in. drill pipe. In addition, several rigs are under construction with 30,000 ft and 35,000 ft ratings. Although a rig may be rated to 30,000 ft and deeper, many other factors must be considered in determining if the rig is capable of drilling and completing a deep well For example, most of the 30,000 ft rigs that are included in this number cannot handle a casing load of 1.5 million lb. Most rigs are limited by breaking capacity, traveling equipment, drill line size, derrick or substructure. On the other hand, a rig that is rated to 30,000 ft may be capable of drilling to approximately 35,000 ft, For example, a rig may extend its depth rating by using a tapered string of drill pipe to lighten the hook load. The ultimate drilling depth is usually limited by the weight of the casing that is needed to reach that depth and not by the drill string weight or length.
Rigs must be selected giving consideration to the following major items which are related to the casing program, well depth, mud weights and geographical area in which the well is to be drilled.
The above list is to be considered on offshore rigs or environmental problems. Several rigs are now designed and built with a 2 million lb. hook load capacity. The maximum weight imposed upon a derrick is 1.48 million lb. during the casing running and cementing operation.
3. Find answers to the following questions
1. What is the first step in oil and gas production?
2.What method of drilling is the most popular in oil and gas industry now?
3.What must every rig have?
4. Why do masts and derricks have to be as strong as possible?
5. What do the figures 100 up to 700 tones mean?
4. Complete the following statements
1. Making holes with a rotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but... as well.
2. Every rig uses internal combustion engines as its....
3. Masts and derricks have to be….
4.DrilIing equipment is divided into four main systems:....
5. On a deep well the string may weigh....
5. Say in English
а) бурение, вышка, мачта, установка, двигатель, основной двигатель,
тросс, колонна, добыча, энергия, нагрузка;
б) начинать, бурить, требовать, делить, узнавать, весить, оценивать,
выдерживать, изменяться.
6. Translate into English using «there is...», «there are ...»
1.Существует несколько способов бурения.
2. На каждой буровой есть талевый блок.
3. На нашей буровой есть новая установка.
7. Find the equivalents in the text
1. Мачты или вышки должны быть как можно прочнее.
2. Большинство буровых могут выдержать, ветровую нагрузку.
З. В глубокой скважине колонна может весить....
4. Каждая вышка должна иметь талевую систему.
8. Answer the questions
1. Is drilling the first step in oil and gas production?
2. How many methods of drilling exist?
3. What systems are there in drilling equipment?
4. What is the prime power source in every rig?
5. What does hoisting system consist of?
6. Why do masts and derricks have to be as strong as possible?
7. How much may the string weigh?
8. Is it important to know everything about drilling equipment for future oil engineer?
9. Translate into English
1. Добыча нефти и газа всегда начинается со строительства скважины.
2. Роторное бурение требует использования большого количества оборудования.
3. Существует 4 основные системы: энергетическая, талевая, вращательная и циркуляционная.
4. Талевая система состоит из лебёдки, мачты или вышки, кронблока, талевого блока и троса.
5. Вес колонны составляет 225 тонн.
6. Вышка должна выдерживать вертикальную и ветров
Unit 4
Rotating Equipment
Vocabulary
| to consist of (v) device (n) pipe (n) Kelley (n) bit (n) swivel (n) include (v) drill collar (n) drill stem (n) to sustain (v) to permit (v) to provide (v) passage way (n) to pump (v) drilling fluid (n) inch(n) hose(n) top (n) bottom (n) bottom hole rotary table (n) to attach (v) hook (n) bail (n) to fit (v) assembly (n) | состоять устройство труба рабочая труба, квадрат долото вертлюг включать муфта, труба тяжелого низа штанга выдерживать позволять снабжать, обеспечивать проход качать (насосом) буровой раствор дюйм шланг, гибкая труба верх низ, забой, скважина ротор, ствол ротора присоединять крюк серьга устанавливать, монтировать узел, агрегат, устройство. |
1. Read and translate the text
Rotating Equipment
Rotating equipment from top to bottom consists of a device known as a swivel, a short piece of pipe called the kelly, the rotary table, the drill string and the bit.
The assembly of members between the swivel and the bit, including the Kelley, drill pipe and drill collars, is termed the drill stem.
The Swivel
The swivel is trully remarkable because it - (1) sustains the weight of the drill string; (2) permits the string to rotate and (3) provides the passage way for drilling mud to be pumped, down in the inside of the drill stem.
The drilling fluid is under extreme pressure sometimes exceeding - 3000 pounds per square inch (psi). The swivel also has a large bail, which fits inside the hook at the bottom of thetravelling block. The rotary hose (Kelley hose) is attached to the side of the swivel. It is through this hose that drilling mud enters the swivel.
The drill string consists of a drill pipe and special heavy walled pipe called drill collars. Drill collars, like drill pipes, are steel tubes through which mud can be pumped. Drill collars are heavier than drill pipes and are used on the bottom part of the string. A lengthof a drill pipe is about 9 metres long.
2. Translate into Russian
A device known as...; a short piece of pipe called…; including the Kelley and drill pipe, truly remarkable, under extreme pressure, at the bottom of the travelling block.
3. Read, translate and answer the questions. What is it?
1. A rotary tool that hangs from the rotary hook and travelling block. It also
provides drilling fluid to flow into the drill stem. It is a....
2. Rotary machine used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling as-
sembly. It is a....
3. All members in the assembly used for drilling by the rotary method from
the swivel to the bit, including (включая) - the Kelley, drill pipe and tool join It is a...
4. Answer the questions
1. What does rotating equipment consists of?
2. What is a swivel? What are its main functions?
3. psi - what does it express?
5. Say it in English
а) стол ротора, вертлюг, штанга, шланг, серьга, крюк, квадрат, узел
(устройство), забой, буровой раствор, давление, фунт, дюйм.
б) состоять, называть, включать, вращать, качать, позволять, обес-
печивать, превышать, прикреплять, входить.
6. Read and translate without a dictionary
The Kelley is a four or six sided length of pipe. It, like a swivel, is also a unit through which drilling mud is pumped on its way to the bottom. The reason the Kelley is four or six-sided is because, it serves as a way of transferring the rotating motion of the rotary table to the drill string. Since the drill pipe is connected to the bottom of the Kelley the pipe rotates. The bit also rotates because it is attached to the drill string. Most kelleys are about 12 meters lon
Unit 5
