2017-11-01
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In an AIEE Address, May 16, 1888, Nikola Tesla delivered a lecture entitled A New System of Alternating Current Motors and Transformers, describing the equipment which allowed efficient generation and use of alternating currents. Tesla's disclosures, in the form of patents, lectures and technical articles are useful for understanding the history of the modern system of power transmission.
The first transmission of three-phase alternating current using high voltage took place in the year 1891 on the occasion of the international electricity exhibition in Frankfurt. In that year, a 25 kV transmission line, approximately 175 kilometres long, was built between Lauffen at the Neckar and Frankfurt.
The rapid industrialization in the 20th century made electrical transmission lines and grids a critical part of the economic infrastructure in most industrialized nations. Initially transmission lines were supported by porcelain pin-type insulators similar to those used for telegraph and telephone lines. However, these reached a practical limit of 40 kV. In 1907 the invention of the disc insulator by Harold W. Buck of the Niagara Falls Power Corporation and Edward M. Hewlett of General Electric allowed practical insulators of any length to be constructed, which allowed the use of higher voltages. The first large scale hydroelectric generators in the USA (engineered and installed under the technical oversight of Nikola Tesla) were installed at Niagara Falls and provided electricity to Buffalo, New York via power transmission lines.
The first three-phase alternating current power transmission at 110
kV took place in 1912 between Lauchhammer and Riesa, Germany. On April 17, 1929 the first 220 kV line in Germany was completed, running from Brauweiler near Cologne, over Kelsterbach near Frankfurt, Rheinau near Mannheim, Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck near Austria. The masts of this line were designed for eventual upgrade to380 kV. However the first transmission at 380 kV was erected in Germany on October 5, 1957 between the substations in Rommerskirchen and Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck. In 1967 the first extra-high-voltage transmission at 735 kV took place on a Hydro-Quebec transmission line. In 1982 the first transmission at 1200 kV took place in the Soviet Union.
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XIII. Составьте письменную аннотацию текста.
UNIT 5.
I. Определите значение данных слов и словосочетаний, используя англо-русский словарь.
Capacity, in the vicinity of, bulk, delivery, load, load center, redundant, to be distinct from, deregulation, traction, traction current
contribute to, to span across, demand, blackout, sub-transmission
II. Проверьте по словарю произношение данных интернациональных слов.
Capital, design, to import, center, portion, function, extra, mathematical.
III. Проанализируйте и переведите на русский язык следующие слова с суффиксом -ly.
Colloquially, usually, typically, normally, occasionally, extremely, insufficiently, practically, initially, densely, generally, costly, statistically.
