2013-12-31
655
ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
МИНИСТЕРСТВО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
3 200 200 100
3 200 200 100
3 200 200 100
3 200 200 100
Таблица калорийности ягод и фруктов
Таблица. Жизненные формы высших растений.
С 11 ноября 2013 года.
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| ПОЛНОЕ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ |
| № | название вида | семейство | жизненная форма по И. Г. Серебрякову | жизненная форма по Раункиеру |
| Adoxa moschatellina | Adoxaceae | столонообразующий травянистый поликарпик | геофит | |
| Продукт (100 граммов) | Белки (граммов) | Жиры (граммов) | Углеводы (граммов) | Килокалорий |
| Абрикосы | 0.9 | 0.0 | 10.5 | |
| Айва | 0.6 | 0.0 | 8.9 | |
| Алыча | 0.2 | 0.0 | 7.4 | |
| Ананас | 0.4 | 0.0 | 11.8 | |
| Апельсин | 0.9 | 0.0 | 8.4 | |
| Арбузы | 0.5 | 0.2 | 6.0 | |
| Бананы | 1.5 | 0.0 | 22.0 | |
| Брусника | 0.7 | 0.0 | 8.6 | |
| Виноград | 1.0 | 1.0 | 18.0 | |
| Вишня | 0.8 | 0.0 | 11.3 | |
| Голубика | 1.0 | 0.0 | 7.7 | |
| Гранат | 0.9 | 0.0 | 11.8 | |
| Грейпфрут | 0.9 | 0.0 | 7.3 | |
| Груша | 0.4 | 0.0 | 10.7 | |
| Ежевика | 2.0 | 0.0 | 5.3 | |
| Инжир | 0.7 | 0.0 | 13.9 | |
| Кизил | 1.0 | 0.0 | 9.7 | |
| Клубника, земляника | 1.2 | 0.0 | 8.0 | |
| Клюква | 0.5 | 0.0 | 4.8 | |
| Крыжовник | 0.7 | 0.0 | 9.9 | |
| Лимон | 0.9 | 0.0 | 3.6 | |
| Малина | 0.8 | 0.0 | 9.0 | |
| Мандарин | 0.8 | 0.0 | 8.6 | |
| Морошка | 0.8 | 0.0 | 6.8 | |
| Облепиха | 0.9 | 0.0 | 5.5 | |
| Персики | 0.6 | 0.0 | 16.0 | |
| Рябина красная | 1.4 | 0.0 | 12.5 | |
| Рябина черноплодная | 1.5 | 0.0 | 12.0 | |
| Слива садовая | 0.8 | 0.0 | 9.9 | |
| Смородина белая | 0.3 | 0.0 | 8.7 | |
| Смородина красная | 0.6 | 0.0 | 8.0 | |
| Смородина черная | 1.0 | 0.0 | 8.0 | |
| Финики | 2.5 | 0.0 | 72.1 | |
| Хурма | 0.5 | 0.0 | 15.9 | |
| Черешня | 1.1 | 0.0 | 12.3 | |
| Черника | 1.1 | 0.0 | 8.6 | |
| Шелковица | 0.7 | 0.0 | 12.7 | |
| Шиповник свежий | 1.6 | 0.0 | 24.0 |
1. Cultivation of cells in artificial media in aseptic conditions:
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a) in vitro
b) in vivo
c) callus
d) explant
e) in situ
2. Particular type of tissue, representative accumulation of undifferentiated cells:
a) callus
b) explant
c) regenerate
d) clon
e) locus
3. Reduction cells division:
a) meiosis
b) mitosis
c) kinesis
d) telophase
e) amitosis
4. Division of somatic cells:
a) mitosis
b) amitosis
c) meiosis
d) transcription
e) interphase
5. Interconnection of organs with each other:
a) correlation
b) competence
c) determinative
d) cryoprotection
e) sublimation
6. Property of a vegetative cell to realise the genetic information:
a) totipotency
b) differentiation
c) regeneration
d) complementarity
e) induction
7. Aseptic received plant with the developed roots and the runaways, generated in culture, that is in vitro:
a) regenerant
b) explant
c) intron
d) embryoid
e) metabolite
8. G.Gaberlandt formulate cells principles in:
a) 1902 y.
b) 1899 y.
c) 1914 y.
d) 1907 y.
e) 1900 y.
9. The hypothesis of totypotency has been put forward by:
a) G.Gaberlandt
b) K.Rehinger
c) V.Robbins
d) E.Davidson
e) F.White
10. Who was first from the scientists who begin to grow isolated parts and organs of plants?
a) K.Rehinger
b) G.Gaberlandt
c) Т.Murasige
d) F.Skug
e) F.White
11. Principles of cells’ cultivation clear formulated by:
a) G.Gaberlandt
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbinson
d) Т.Murasige
e) F.White
12. Nutrient medium, which was used by G.Gaberlandt in experiments:
a) Knop
b) White
c) Gamborg
d) Hogland
e) Sniders
13. R.Rehinger tried to grow buds, cuts of the roots on:
a) moistured sand
b) agar medium
c) liquid medium
d) different media
e) firm surface
14. Growing of isolated parts and organs of plants first began by:
a) German scientists
b) alchemists
c) Russian scientists
d) scientists from different countries
e) English scientists
15. R.Harrison has grew in lymphatic liquid:
a) frog’s neuroblast
b) callus tissue
c) potato’s cells
d) cell’s embryoid
e) frog’s lymphoblast
16. Achievements of which scientist related to cambial tissues of willow and carrot:
a) F.White
b) E.Davidson
c) V.Robbins
d) V.Kotte
e) G.Gaberlandt
17. Scientist, which has supported continuous long-term culture of roots’ tips for 30 years:
a) R.Gotre
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbins
d) Т.Murasige
e) D.Wotson
18. Scientist with collaborators, which have investigated growth of buds on pieces of tobacco steams:
a) F.Skug
b) V.Kotte
c) V.Robbins
d) Т.Murasige
e) D.Wotson
19. Substances, stimulating cellular division:
a) cytokinines
b) auxins
c) vitamins
d) macroelements
e) microelements
20. Widely used nutrient medium, which was created in 1962 y:
a) Murasige-Skug
b) White
c) Shenk-Hil’debrandt
d) Nich and Nich
e) Gamborg-Evelang
21. Growth stimulating substance:
a) kinetin
b) mesoinosit
c) vitamin
d) bichromate
e) carbogel
22. Culture, cultivated in liquid medium:
a) suspension
b) tumor
c) callus
d) clonal
e) somatic
23. Since which year begin to cultivate plants’ cells in Soviet Union?
a) 1944
b) 1930
c) 1980
d) 1934
e) 1994
24. Since which year begin to cultivate cells in Kazakhstan?
a) 1975
b) 1955
c) 1995
d) 2001
e) 1948
25. Who is founder of biotechnology in Kazakhstan?
a) M.Aithozhin
b) G.Ualihanov
c) S.Columbaev
d) А.Udel’skaya
e) Zh.Zhardemaliev
26. Tissue, cultivated in “in vitro” conditions:
a) callus
b) strain
c) suspension
d) explant
e) intron
27. Plant, received from cell culture:
a) regenerate
b) explant
c) totypotent
d) strain
e) sort
28. Basic components of nutrient medium vitamins of:
a) group В
b) group А
c) group D
d) nicotinic acid
e) folic acid
29. Components of nutrient medium, assisting in regulation of plants physiological processes:
a) phytohormones
b) carbohydrates
c) iron helate
d) pectin
e) gelatin
30. For normal growth and progress of plants it is necessary such level of pH:
a) 5-6
b) 4-5
c) 6-8
d) 2-4
e) 9-12
31. For preparation of firm nutrient media necessary:
a) agar
b) potassium
c) phytohormone
d) auxin
e) carbonate
32. Optimal temperature for cultivation of plants’ cells:
a) 25-32 оС
b) 38-40 оС
c) 15-25 оС
d) 5-10 оС
e) 45-65 оС
33. External factors, influencing on process of cells cultivation:
a) light
b) heat
c) cool
d) darkness
e) gas
34. Cell, deprived of cell wall:
a) protoplast
b) leucoplast
c) chromoplast
d) liposome
e) lysosome
35. Fragment of plant or piece of the tissue:
a) explant
b) callus
c) passage
d) suspension
e) protoplast
36. Cell’s specialization:
a) differentiation
b) redifferentiation
c) dedifferentiation
d) regeneration
e) transpiration
37. Transition of specialized cells to proliferation:
a) differentiation
b) differentiation
c) translation
d) regeneration
e) transpiration
38. Transition of transplantation of callus in nutrient medium:
a) passage
b) transformation
c) inoculum
d) proliferation
e) fermentation
39. Part of suspension culture, used for passaging on fresh nutrient medium:
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a) inoculum
b) passage
c) proliferation
d) maceration
e) cristalization
40. Nutrient media for cultivation of cells and tissues of plants are media:
a) multicomponent
b) single-component
c) natural
d) two-component
e) organic
41. Source of carbohydrates in media are:
a) sucrose
b) ribose
c) deoxyribose
d) galactose
e) tetrose
42. New formation of cells and tissues by reproduction of legacy cells and tissues:
a) proliferation
b) differentiation
c) correlation
d) meiosis
e) degradation
43. Process of formation of callus called:
a) callus formation
b) histogenesis
c) rhyzogenesis
d) gemmogenesis
e) cytocinesis
44. Complex of processes, leading to distinction between maternal and filial cells, and also between filial cells:
a) differentiation
b) redifferentiation
c) dedifferentiation
d) regeneration
e) transpiration
45. Special type of tissue, formed on whole plant in result of its wound:
a) callus
b) meristem
c) apex
d) cambium
e) parenchyma
46. Aggregate of reactions connected to transcription and translation:
a) processing
b) biosynthesis
c) correlation
d) dissimilation
e) assimilation
47. Since which period begin interphase period:
a) G1
b) S
c) G2
d) G0
e) R1
48. Acquisition by cell conditions of readiness to realization of defined hereditary properties:
a) determination
b) complementarity
c) differentiation
d) proliferation
e) variability
49. Ability of cell to perceive inductive influence and to react specific on it by changing of development:
a) competence
b) callus formation
c) mytosis
d) meiosis
e) translation
50. The basic of structure of biological membranes are performed by:
a) bilayer of phospholipids
b) amino acids
c) triple layer of proteins
d) bilayer of carbohydrates
e) double helix of DNA
51. Which two periods make up life-cycle of cell?
a) interphase and mitotic
b) anaphase and telophase
c) interphase and anaphase
d) telophase and interphase
e) prophase and mitotic
52. At meiosis of cell first occurs:
a) division of nucleus
b) division of cytoplasm
c) formation of partition
d) division of ribosome
e) division of mitochondrion
53. The longest phase of mitosis is:
a) prophase
b) telophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) all phases take the same time
54. The shortest phase of mitosis is:
a) anaphase
b) telophase
c) metaphase
d) prophase
e) all phases take the same time
55. Which ions are necessary for existence of cells?
a) of sodium and potassium
b) of calcium and sodium
c) of magnesium and potassium
d) of magnesium and sodium
e) of calcium and magnesium
56. Living cells are systems:
a) open
b) closed
c) circled
d) isolated
e) half-opened
57. Amino acids in protein molecule connected between each other by which kind of connection:
a) peptide
b) hydrogen
c) ionic
d) covalent
e) disulphide
58. Indicate peptide bond:
a) -СОNH-
b) -COOH-
c) -NH2
d) -CH-
e) - CH2OH –
59. Basic structure units of protein are:
a) amino acids
b) fat acids and glycerine
c) glucose and fructose
d) dicarboxylic acids
e) nucleosides
60. Sedimentation of particles under power of gravity:
a) sedimentation
b) sensabilization
c) flocculation
d) coagulation
e) osmosis
61. 6-furfurilaminopurine:
a) cynetin
b) zeatine
c) auxin
d) glycine
e) pyroxene
62. Number of phases of growing of callus tissues:
a) 6
b) 4
c) 7
d) 2
e) 9
63. First phase of growing of callus cells:
a) latent
b) logarithmic
c) stationary
d) dead
e) linear
64. Third phase of growing of callus cells:
a) linear
b) logarithmic
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c) stationary
d) dead
e) latent
65. Fifth phase of growing of callus cells:
a) stationary
b) logarithmic
c) linear
d) dead
e) latent
66. Exponential phase called another:
a) logarithmic
b) linear
c) stationary
d) dead
e) latent
67. Process of organs, tissues and cells formation:
a) morphogenesis
b) parthenogenesis
c) embryogenesis
d) rhyzogenesis
e) gemmogenesis
68. Increasing the number of genes in genome:
a) amplification
b) replification
c) differentiation
d) callus
e) mitosis
69. Part of DNA molecule:
a) gene
b) locus
c) chromosome
d) lysosome
e) protein
70. Gene collection:
a) gen
b) phenotype
c) chromosome
d) site
e) diploid
71. Formation tissue:
a) meristem
b) parenchyme
c) callus
d) root
e) bud
72. High ratio auxin/cytokinin causes:
a) rhyzogenesis
b) gemmogenesis
c) histogenesis
d) cytogenesis
e) callus genesis
73. Low ratio auxin/cytokinin conducive to:
a) gemmogenesis
b) rhyzogenesis
c) histogenesis
d) cytogenesis
e) callus genesis
74. Formative tissue, forming others:
a) meristem
b) embryoid
c) parenchyma
d) callus
e) proliferation
75. Formation of germ-like structures:
a) embryoidogenesis
b) rhyzophilogenesis
c) gemmogenesis
d) phylogenesis
e) ontogenesis
76. As a result of morphogenesis formed:
a) regenerant
b) callus
c) strain
d) explant
e) embryoid
77. Types of plants, took in space by Kazakhstan cosmonauts:
a) wheat
b) melon
c) potato
d) nightshade
e) carrot
78. With cells of which plant cosmonauts made experiments:
a) corn
b) oats
c) apricot
d) potato
e) tomato
79. First stage of clonal reproduction:
a) bringing of explants in culture
b) reproduction in fact
c) establishment of duplicated bines
d) planting of plants in soil
e) cells cultivation
80. Plant, receiving by asexual, i.e. vegetative reproduction:
a) clone
b) callus
c) regenerant
d) explant
e) animal unit
81. Asexual reproduction in culture of cells and tissues, at which arising plants genetically identical to initial sample:
a) clonal
b) amitotic
c) mitotic
d) meiotic
e) budding
82. Forth stage of clonal reproduction:
a) planting of plants in soil
b) introduction of explants in culture
c) rooting of duplicated bines
d) reproduction
e) cells cultivation
83. Form of variety of gene:
a) allele
b) albinism
c) beccross
d) locus
e) site
84. Spare buds:
a) adventive
b) haploid
c) diploid
d) procariotic
e) apex
85. Loosing of pigment by organism:
a) albinism
b) beccross
c) vector
d) colorblindness
e) destruction
86. Induction of haploids in culture of male and female gametophyte called:
a) androgenesis
b) gemmogenesis
c) rhyzogenesis
d) gynogenesis
e) organogenesis
87. Induction of haploids in culture of female gametophyte called:
a) gynogenesis
b) gemmogenesis
c) rhyzogenesis
d) androgenesis
e) organogenesis
88. False fertilization, at which embryo developed from unfertilized ovule:
a) pseudogamy
b) monogamy
c) polygami
d) androgenesis
e) gynogenesis
89. Formation of haploid plants from embryoids called:
a) direct androgenesis
b) indirect androgenesis
c) direct sporogenesis
d) indirect sporogenesis
e) gynogenesis
90. Apical part of stem or root:
a) apex
b) allele
c) meristem
d) cambium
e) parenchyma
91. Reproduction of organisms, without gamic process:
a) apomixic
b) apex
c) amplification
d) regeneration
e) proliferation
92. Observance of conditions of full sterility:
a) aseptic
b) degradation
c) degassion
d) beccross
e) genesis
93. Hormones of indol group:
a) auxin
b) intron
c) amylase
d) gibberellin
e) pyridoxine
94. Recurring heterosis:
a) beccross
b) mutation
c) genome
d) mutagenesis
e) cloning
95. Device in biotechnological manufacture on growing of cells:
a) bioreactor
b) laminar
c) autoclave
d) distillator
e) septic tank
96. Glassiness:
a) vitrification
b) ammonification
c) nitrification
d) homogenization
e) fermentation
97. Branch of science and manufacture of economic important substance and products:
a) biotechnology
b) genetic engineering
c) nanotechnology
d) cellular selection
e) agrotechnology
98. Changing of substance in another type by biological way:
a) biotransformation
b) bioremediation
c) bioengineering
d) biodestruction
e) cryoconservation
