2020-04-07
145
Местоимения some, any, no, every в сочетании со словами body (тело), thing (вещь), one (некто), where (где, куда) и how (как) образуют слова, которые используются самостоятельно, а не как определения перед существительными.
а) в переводе русские частицы -то (some - какой-то), -нибудь (any - какой-нибудь), и ни- (no - никакой) сохраняются почти во всех производных.
б) производные от отрицательного местоимения no делают все предложение отрицательным.
Somebody telephoned.
Кто-то звонил.
Did anybody telephoned?
Кто-нибудь звонил?
I did not buy you anything.
Я ничего тебе не купил.
Someone must help me somehow.
Кто-то как-то должен мне помочь.
I can understand nothing.
Я ничего не могу понять.
Let’s go somewhere tonight.
Давай пойдем куда-нибудь сегодня вечером.
|
Производные от some, any | ||
| some какой-то | any какой-нибудь | |
| body (обозначает лицо) | somebody кто-то | аnybody кто-нибудь |
| thing (обозначает предмет) | something что-то | anything что-нибудь (вопрос. пр.) все (в утверд. предл.) |
| one некто | someone кто-то | anyone кто-нибудь (вопр. пр.) любой (утв.предл.) |
| where где, куда | somewhere где-то, куда-то | anywhere где-нибудь, куда-нибудь |
| how как | somehow как-то, так или иначе | anyhow как-нибудь |
| when когда | once когда-то | ever когда-нибудь |
|
Производные от no, every | ||
| no никакой | every каждый | |
| body (обозначает лицо) | nobody никто | everybody каждый, все |
| thing (обозначает предмет) | nothing ничто | everything все |
| one некто | no one, none никто ни один | everyone каждый |
| where где, куда | nowhere никуда, нигде | everywhere везде, повсюду |
| when когда | never никогда | always всегда |
| how как | nohow никак | in every way всячески, по всякому |
Exercises:
I. Put in “some” or “any”.
1. I bought _________ cheese but I didn’t buy _______ bread.
2. I’m going to the post-office. I need ________ stamps.
3. There aren’t __________ shops in this part of town.
4. Have you got _________ brothers or sisters?
5. There are __________ beautiful flowers in the garden.
6. “Would you like ________ tea?” “Yes, please.”
7. When we were on holiday, we visited _________ very interesting places.
8. I didn’t buy _______ flowers.
9. I didn’t have ________ money, so I had to borrow_________.
10. I was too tired to do _______ work.
II. Complete the sentences. Use some or any + one of these words.
air cheese help letters photographs
batteries friends languages milk shampoo
1. I want to wash my hair. Is there _____?
2. This evening I’m going to write _____.
3. I haven’t got my camera, so I can’t take _____.
4. Do you speak _____ foreign _____?
5. Yesterday evening I went to the restaurant with _____ of mine.
6. Can I have _____ in my coffee, please?
7. The radio isn’t working. There aren’t _____ in it.
8. It’s hot in the office. I’m going out for _____ fresh _____.
9. “Would you like _____?” “No, thank you. I’ve had enough to eat.”
10. I can do this job alone. I don’t need _____.
III. Complete the sentences. Use “ some ” or “ any ”.
1. Ann didn’t take any photographs but, _____ (I / take).
2. “Where’s your luggage?” “______” (I / not / have).
3. “Do you need any money?” “No, thank you _____” (I / have).
4. “Can you lend me some money?” “I’m sorry but _____”(I / not / have).
5. The tomatoes in the shop didn’t look very good, so _____ (I / not / buy).
IV. Complete the sentences with some- or any- + body / -thing / -where.
1. I was too surprised to say _____.
2. There’s _____ at the door. Can you go and see who it is?
3. Sally was upset about _____ and refused to talk to _____.
4. This medicine is very easy to use. _____ can learn to use it in a very short time.
5. There was hardly _____ on the beach. It was almost deserted.
6. I’m going out now. If _____ phones while I’m out, can you tell them I’ll be back at 11.30?
V. Complete the sentences with “something”, “anything”, “nothing” or “everything”.
1. _____ is all right, the patient is much better today.
2. Is there _____ interesting in the programme of the concert?
3. I couldn’t see _____: it was quite dark.
4. I saw _____ near the wood that looked like a tent.
5. Give me _____ to read, please.
6. I don’t know _____ about your town. Tell me _____.
7. I understand _____ now. Thank you for your explanation.
8. Is there _____ that you want to tell me?
VI. Open the brackets.
1. We haven’t _____ black stockings (no, any).
2. I don’t want _____ today, thank you (nothing, anything).
3. Didn’t you buy _____ potatoes yesterday (any, no)?
4. I didn’t see _____ in the street when I went out (anybody, nobody).
5. There is _____ at home (anybody, nobody).
VII. Complete the sentences with no, none or any.
1. There aren’t _____ pictures on the wall.
2. The weather was cold but there was _____ wind.
3. I wanted to buy some oranges but they didn’t have _____ in the shop.
4. I couldn’t make an omelette because there were _____ eggs.
5. “How many eggs have we got?” “_____. I’ll go and buy some from the shop”.
6. We cancelled the party because _____ of the people we invited were able to come.
VIII. Complete the sentences. Use nobody/ no-one/ nothing/ anybody/ anyone/ anything.
1. That house is empty. _____ lives there.
2. Jack has a bad memory. He can’t remember _____.
3. Be quiet! Don’t say _____.
4. I didn’t know about the meeting. _____ told me.
5. Jenny was sitting alone. She wasn’t with _____.
6. I’m afraid I can’t help you. There’s _____ I can do.
7. The museum is free. It doesn’t cost _____ to go in.
8. She spoke very fast. I didn’t understand _____.
IX. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. Is there any ice in the fridge? 2. She said something to me but I didn’t understand it. 3. I didn’t take any photographs but Ann took some. 4. You can have some coffee but I don’t want any. 5. It’s a nice house but there’s no garden. 6. Did you meet anybody interesting at the party? 7. He hasn’t got anybody to talk to. 8. There is nowhere to go in this town. 9. “What’s that letter?” “It’s nothing important.” 10. Someone is here to see you. 11. If anyone has any questions, I’ll be pleased to answer them. 12. Anyone who wants to do the exam must give their names today. 13. There were no shops open. 14. Nobody tells me anything. 15. None of the shops were open.
X. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. В библиотеке есть кто-нибудь? 2. В нашей библиотеке есть кое-какие книги на английском языке. 3. На другой день мой брат знал всех.
4. Расскажите нам все о вашем путешествии. 5. Под столом есть кто-нибудь? 6. Никто об этом ничего не знает. 7. Я никого не знаю в этом городе. 8. Дай мне, пожалуйста, что-нибудь поесть. 9. Он где-то в саду. 10. Кто-нибудь знает его адрес?
