What are the symptoms of measles?

Symptoms of measles generally appear within 14 days of exposure to the virus. Symptoms include:

· cough

· fever

· red eyes

· light sensitivity

· muscle aches

· runny nose

· sore throat

· white spots inside the mouth

A widespread skin rash is a classic sign of measles. This rash can last up to seven days and generally appears within the first three to five days of exposure to the virus.

A measles rash, which appears as red, itchy bumps, commonly develops on the head and slowly spreads to other parts of the body.

Diagnosing measles

Your doctor can confirm measles by examining your skin rash and checking for symptoms that are characteristic of the disease, such as white spots in the mouth, fever, cough, and sore throat.

If they are unable to confirm a diagnosis based on observation, your doctor may order a blood test to check for the measles virus.

TREATMENT

How to treat measles

There is no prescription medication to treat measles. The virus and symptoms typically disappear within two to three weeks. However, your doctor may recommend:

· acetaminophen to relieve fever and muscle aches

· rest to help boost your immune system

· plenty of fluids (six to eight glasses of water a day)

· humidifier to ease a cough and sore throat

· vitamin A supplements

COMPLICATIONS

Complications associated with measles

It is important to receive a measles vaccine because measles can lead to life-threatening complications, such as pneumonia and inflammation of the brain.

Other complications associated with measles may include:

· ear infection

· bronchitis

· miscarriage or preterm labor

· decrease in blood platelets

· blindness

· severe diarrhea

How to prevent measles

Immunizations can help prevent a measles outbreak. The MMR vaccine is a three-in-one vaccination that can protect you and your children from the measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles).

Children can receive their first MMR vaccination at 12 months, or sooner if traveling internationally, and their second dose between the ages of 4 and 6. Adults who have never received an immunization can request the vaccine from their doctor.

If you or a family member contracts the measles virus, limit interaction with others. This includes staying home from school or work and avoiding social activities.

Say it in English

Вирусная инфекция, дыхательная система, заразное заболевание, распространяться, инфицируемые частички, появляться, кашель, лихорадка, насморк, белые пятна, знак, сыпь, зудящие волдыри, осмотр, анализ крови, лечить, сбить лихорадку, осложнения, пневмония, слепота, предотвращать вспашки кори, Свинка, между 4 и 6 лет жизни, ограничить общение с другими, пребывание дома, избегать социально-культурные мероприятия.

In pairs, discuss the questions

1. What must we do to prevent the spread of infection?

2. What are the first symptoms of this infectious disease?

3. How can the disease pass from one person to another?

 

Тема 6.8. Детские болезни. Скарлатина / Scarlet Fever

Level A

We learn the new words / Мы учим новые слова

 pass from – переходить от

quick- быстрый

disease – заболевание

sore throat – боль в горле

headache – головная боль

Peel – шелушиться

Fluid diet - жидкая пища

Supportive therapy – поддерживающая терапия

Hydration – восполнение потери жидкости

Anti-pyresis - применение жаропонижающих средств

To reduce – снижать

Rheumatic fever - острая ревматическая лихорадка

GABHS - бета-гемолитический стрептококк группы А (Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus)

Efficacy – эффективность, способность

Cephalosporins – цефалоспорин

Macrolide - макролидный антибиотик

Efficacious – эффективный

We read the text / Мы читаем

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is an infectious disease. We can often meet this disease in children. The disease passes from one person to another through the nose and mouth. The beginning of the disease is quick. Scarlet fever usually starts within two to four days of incubation, although the incubation period can last between one and seven days. The patient has a sore throat, fever/ headache and he often vomits. The temperature rises quickly-on the first day. The rash appears on the second day. After the temperature falls the skin begins to peel. We must isolate the child with scarlet fever and put him in bed.

When the temperature is high the nurse gives him fluid diet and when the temperature falls she gives him nourishing food.

Management of scarlet fever

Children with scarlet fever require supportive therapy, including hydration, pain control, and anti-pyresis.

Antibiotic therapy may shorten the duration of illness and reduce symptoms; more importantly, it prevents supportive complications and rheumatic fever. GABHS is susceptible to standard penicillin which remains the first-line therapy, although studies have documented similar efficacy of easier dosed penicillin’s and cephalosporins. For penicillin allergic patients, a course of clinda-mycin or a macrolide antibiotic is efficacious.

 

Say it in English / Скажите это по-английски

Инфекционное заболевание, у детей, инкубационный период, лихорадка, рвота, давать жидкую пищу, когда температура падает, обезболивание, может сократить, продолжительность болезни, восприимчивый к, терапия первой линии.

Fill in the gaps using words / Заполните пропуски, используя слова:

patients, disease, nose, temperature falls, often, standard penicillin, mouth

Scarlet fever is an infectious...

The disease passes from one person to another through the... and ….

The patient has a sore throat, fever/ headache and he …vomits.

When the …she gives him nourishing food.

GABHS is susceptible to ….which remains the first-line therapy

For penicillin allergic …, a course of clinda-mycin or a macrolide antibiotic is efficacious.