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Торговый счет фактура позволил оценить стоимость товаров. Торговый счет фактура позволяет оценить размер налогов. Между продавцом и покупателем была заключена сделка. Важным документом в экспортной сделке является торговый счет фактура. Детали и стоимость товаров были указаны в счет фактуре.

Certificate of origin

The certificate of origin is issued by the Chamber of Commerce as proof of where the goods were produced. There are 2 reasons why it can be necessary:

1. When there is a trade agreement between the exporting and importing countries. If it can be proved that the goods were made in the exporting country, duty is charged at a lower rate or possibly not charged at all

2. For political reasons, to prove that importers aren’t importing goods from countries with wich trading relations are not desired

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1. Why is the certificate of origin issued

2. What is the certificate of origin

3. What organization issues the certificate of origin

Bill of lading

Bills of lading usually contain the following details:

- name of consignor
- name of consignee
- name of vessel

-shipping date

-weight

-measurement

-marking

-number of cases

-contents of the cases

Sometimes, when the packing is bad or the cases are damaged, the master of the ship makes a certain note of it on the bill. It makes the bill dirty then.If no notes are made on the bill it is clean. Usually the contracts say that only clean bills of lading can be attached to the commercial invoices and thus considered a proof of shipment.

Here is a part of aspecimen bill of lading:

Bill of Lading No 156 Shipper: Morflot Consignee: Petro Co., Liverpool, England Ocean vessel: Alexander Pushkin Port of loading: Riga Port of discharge: Liverpool Freight payable at: Riga Description of goods: Chemicals ST Gross weight: 5100 kgs Net weight: 5000 kgs Number of bags: 100 bags Shipped on board in apparent good order and condition. Place and date of issue: Riga 19 November, 1998 For the Master: Morflot

There are also various other types of the bill of lading

1. The received bill of lading – issued when the goods have been inspected but haven’t yet been loaded onto the ship

2. The on-board bill of lading - – issued for the goods which have already been loaded onto the ship

3. The straight bill of lading – can’t be negotiated

4. The order bill of lading - can be negotiated by endorsement

5. The through bill of lading – used the goods are to be transported by more than one carrier

6. The container bill of lading – used for the transportation of containerized goods

7. The groupage bill of lading – used for grouped consignments

Task2. What kinds of bill of lading are these?

1. Container to be sent from London to Paris via Dover and Calais

2. Goods received in apparent good order

3. Consignee P. Smith

4. Consignee P. Smith or order

5. Goods shipped and waiting to depart

6. Case № 3 missing

7. Bulk cargo to be sent from London to Copenhagen via Hamburg

8. Goods in Kiel awaiting shipment

9. Part-loads shipped by Fred’s Agency

Тема 5

Settlement and payment documents.

Платежно-расчетные документы.

There are two major types of payment accepted in business transactions. They are payment in cash and payment on credit. The most popular term of payment in cash is by letter of credit. (L/C). A letter of credit is a letter from one bank to another bank, by which a third party, usually customer is able to obtain money. There are some types of letters of credit: circular L/C, confirmed L/C, direct L/C, documentary L/C, irrevocable L/C, limited L/C, traveler’s L/C, unconfirmed L/C, etc.

The most popular terms of payment on credit are:

payment by bills of exchange (drafts). The draft is then returned to the seller who holds it until maturity.

This method ofpayment involves risk to the exporter or his bank as it may happen that a draft is not honouredwhen it is due. The shipper has full protection when drafts are presented against L/C, when it is confirmed and irrevocable, the payment is guaranteed,

payment by promissory notes;

in advance, this method of payment can be combined with other forms of payment in large-scale contracts or in deals with unknown buyers;

on an open account, this method of payment is an usual practice between a seller and a regular customer, whom a seller absolutely trusts, the contracting parties agree on regular payments within a stipulated period of time.

TASK 2. Find in the text

- Безналичный расчет

- платеж в кредит

- осуществлять платеж

- плательщик

- вексель(тратта)

- платить аванс

- передача денежных средств со счета на счет

- оплата простыми векселями.

TASK 3. Find in the text the answers to the questions

1. W hat are the two major types of payment accepted in business transactions?

2. What is a letter of credit?