2020-05-12
104
Помните, что местоимение часто используется вместо существительного. Личные местоимения употребляются перед глаголом, а объектные – после него:
| I | me |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| it | it |
| we | us |
| you | you |
| they | them |
Например:
We see our friends. - We see them. ("them" употребляется вместо "our friends")
Call the waiter. - Call him. (т. е., "the waiter")
They like coffee. - They like it. (т. е., "coffee")
Упражнение 1. Употребите соответствующее объектное местоимение.
I've got a tortoise. I feed on vegetables.
We feel so lonly, stay with .
Who is speaking? – It's , Ann.
May I give a good piece of advice? Spend more time with your son. You can help much.
Where are my glasses? Has anybody seen ?
Is Jane at home? Can I speak to ?
The hole on your pullover is getting bigger. You should mend .
Упражнение 2. Выберите подходящее личное или объектное местоимение.
1. Do you know Mary's brother? - Yes, I do. ___ like him. He's nice. (I,You)
2) My English book is interesting. I like ____. (them, it)
3) They're my friends. I know ____ well. (they, them)
4) You're my sister! Of course I like ____! (you, your)
5) Lee and Susan are good students. ____ study every day. (They, Them)
6) Lee and Susan are good students. Do you know ____ ? (they, them)
7) Of course I know Lee and Susan. I sit next to ____ in class. (they, them)
8) Lee has a brother. ___ play tennis with him after school every day. (I, He)
9) Tennis is a fun game. I like to play ____ often. (them, it)
10) I have a new car. It's red, and ___ goes very fast! (it, I)
Глава 10
Порядок употребления местоимений
Когда в предложении больше одного местоимения, то правило их употребления следующее:
Если между глаголом и местоимением, отвечающим на вопрос "кому?" стоит еще одно дополнение, то последнее употребляется с частицей "to":
The lawyer gives you the envelope. - He gives it to you.
They will send me some letters. - They'll send them to me.
He's explaining the will to us. - He's explaining it to us.
I give you a visa. - I give it to you.
She's leaving you her estate. - She's leaving it to you.
Упражнение 1. Скажите своей подруге, что делать с этими вещами. Употребите глаголы “to give”, “to show”, “to send”. Например:
This postcard. (The address is Dave Sanders, BBC, London)
Send it to Dave Sanders.
This fish. (She is in the kitchen with a cat.)
Her money. (She is on the bus.)
A photograph of her boy-friend. (She is with her friend.)
The menu. (She is with her friend in the restaurant.)
This book. (It is for a woman in the library.)
An ice-cream. (She is with a little girl.)
This letter. (It is for her mother.)
Her money. (She is in the restaurant.)
Упражнение 2. Напишите предложение, соответствующее ситуации. Например:
We’re in the library. – Give us some books.
I’m in the restaurant.
The cat’s hungry.
We’re thirsty.
Arthur’s wallet is empty.
My glass is empty.
The conductor is here.
The lady is in the library.
We’re in the Sunny Snack Bar.
Простое прошедшее время (Past Simple)
Используется для описания действия, которое началось и закончилось в прошлом. Обычно на это есть ссылка ("yesterday," "last night," etc.):
I knew your aunt when she was young.
Yesterday, they bought a car.
We rented a car last week.
He saw the U.S. Capitol while he was in Washington.
Для того чтобы образовать форму простого прошедшего времени, к большинству глаголов достаточно добавить окончание "-ed":
borrow - borrowed
close - closed
open - opened
cash - cashed.
1. К глаголам, оканчивающимся на "-e," добавляют "-d" ("hope" - "hope d ")
2. Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на гласную или согласную:
A. Если глагол состоит из одного слога, то последняя согласная удваивается:
stop - sto pp ed
rob - ro bb ed
B. Если глагол состоит из более чем одного слога, то просто добавьте "-ed":
rain - rain ed
dreamed - dream ed (также, dreamt)
C.Если глагол состоит из двух слогов и ударение падает на последний, то последняя согласная удваивается:
prefer - prefe rr ed
control - contro ll ed
3. Если глагол оканчивается на "согласная + y", то "-y" меняется на "-i", а затем добавляется "-ed":
try - tr ied
study - stud ied
4. К глаголам, оканчивающимся на "-ie", просто добавляется "-d":
die – died
Упражнение 1. Употребите глагол в скобках в простом прошедшем времени.
1. He (wait) for his friend for two hours.
2. Our teacher (study) in the university for 6 years.
3. The nice man (smile) at me.
4. Yesterday it (rain) for two hours.
5. The car (stop) at the red light.
6. I (rub) my forehead because I had a headache.
7. She (fold) the clothes and put them away.
8. I (stay) at home yesterday.
