Answer the following questions according to the text

1. What reveals most vividly the life of time and its attitude to building techniques?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 2. What forms of architecture and materials have captivated our architects, designers and builders?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the new technology exemplified by?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. By what structures is the traditional building rapidly being superseded?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What facilitates rapid building?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Where have new buildings and sky-scrapers come into existence?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fill in the blanks with the proper words from the text.

1. Of all the arts architecture most vividly ________________________ the life of time and its _____________________ to building techniques.

2. Present-day housing __________________ are essentially different from those of ________________ years.

3. The form of Russian _______________ is very much _______________ on the individual atmosphere of each __________________.

4. The new techniques have ______________________ led to new forms.

5. As much _________________ as possible is done not on but in factories.

6. Moscow has _____________________ building materials industry.

7. The new houses are built out of _______________ blocks and _____________.

8. A countless number of new sky-scrapers have come into _______________ in the _______________ and ______________ of Moscow.

Find Russian equivalents to the following English words.

1) to divide;                                а) получать;

2) to save;                                   б) делить;

3) to mean;                                           в) состоять (из);

4) to receive;                               г) увеличивать;

5) to provide;                              д) указывать;

6) to define;                                 е) обеспечивать;

7) to consist (of);                        ж) уменьшать;

8) to increase;                             з) экономить;

9) to indicate;                              и) значить (означать);

10) to reduce;                              к) определять;

11) division;                                л) космический корабль;

12) spaceship;                             м) удобство;

13) production;                           и) отделение;

14) convenience                          о) производство

Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words in bold type.

1. Copper for overhead lines can be substituted by aluminum alloys.

__________________________________________________________________

2. The alloy we offer you may substitute silver.

__________________________________________________________________

3. The vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors.

__________________________________________________________________

4. The liquid is displaced by the admitted air.

__________________________________________________________________

5. The worn parts should be renewed.

__________________________________________________________________

6. The controller mechanism takes the place of the human eye and brain.

__________________________________________________________________

7. The transistor will oust the thermionic valve from its place in electronics.

__________________________________________________________________

8. Have you got some change on you?

__________________________________________________________________

State the forms of the conditional sentences and translate them into Russian.

1. Mass housing construction would not be possible if there were no production lines and other advanced methods.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. If a cosmonaut could not return to his spaceship, he would become a satellite of the Earth.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. If the engineers didn't use factory-made components fastened together new buildings and sky-scrapers would not come into existence so quickly.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. If the Russian government had taken care of Sedov's expedition, he would not have had so many difficulties.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. If you applied your theoretical knowledge in your practical work you would get better results.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. If the train speed were 300 km per hour it would take passengers only two hours to get from Moscow to Leningrad.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. If there are no precise devices we shall be unable to make many important experiments.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Time for sorting trains would be reduced considerably provided all the stations had telecommunication.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Gases are characterized by extreme lightness unless they are highly compressed.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. They could have measured the voltage immediately if they connected a voltmeter to the circuit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate tense-form.

1. What work you (to do) __________________if you were an architect?

2. If the new apparatus were here today the students (not to postpone) ________________ their experiments.

3. The bridge would not have been put into operation in time if the builders (to devote) _____________________ all their energy to its construction.

4. They could have measured the voltage immediately if they (to connect) ____________________ a voltmeter to the circuit.

5. If the system worked automatically, the speed (to be) __________________ higher.

Give your opinion on the topic

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Give a short summary of the text.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________