2020-06-29
1272
1. The humid and mild climate of Great Britain is bad for plants and flowers.
2. The poppy is the symbol of peace.
3. The white rose is the national emblem of England.
4. The thistle is the national emblem of Ireland.
5. The shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Ireland.
6. The thistle is a wild plant with prickly leaves and red, orange, or purple flowers.
7. But one of the Norsemen stepped on a rose.
8. Leek is a vegetable related to the onion but with wider green leaves above a long white bulb.
9. The daffodil is also associated with St Patrick’s Day.
10. Daffodil is a very common bell-shaped pale yellow flower of early autumn.
11. The Irishmen wear this national emblem on St Patrick’s Day, March 17.
Give a written translation of the text. Arrange a competition for the best
translation.
8. Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:
war, to be abolished, to be divided, smooth leaves, on the west coast of Scotland, with the intention of giving gifts and leaving the country, to be brisk, to put on, in the ancient century, late winter
Grammar Exercises
1. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice:
1) The flowers were bought by me yesterday. 2) The flowers are often bought. 3) The flower has been adopted as England’s emblem since the time of the Wars of the Roses. 3) The flowers will be bought by me tomorrow. 4) The flowers are being bought now. 5) The flowers were being bought at five o’clock yesterday. 6) The flowers have already been bought. 7) The flowers had been bought when I came. 8) The flowers will have been bought by five tomorrow.
2. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:
1) Деревья были посажены прошлой осенью. 2) Деревья сажают каждый день. 3) Деревья будут сажать завтра. 4) Деревья сажают сейчас. 5) Деревья сажали вчера в 6 часов. 6) Вы когда-либо сажали деревья? 7) Деревья уже посадили, когда я пришел. 8) Деревья уже посадят завтра к двум часам.
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Speech Exercises
1. Answer the questions to the text:
1) What is the national flower of England?
2) What is the symbol of peace?
3) What is the national symbol of Scotland?
4) What is the national symbol of Wales?
5) What is the national symbol of Northern Ireland?
6) When were two roses united into the Tudor rose?
7) What plant is a thistle?
8) Why did the Scots take the thistle as their national emblem?
9) Who is the patron saint of Wales?
10) What plant is a leek?
Retell the text.
Text 5. Flower Bouquets
Bright, vibrant flowers seem to be popular with people today. More modern flowers such as lilies are now being combined with old favourites like the Irish and Chrysanthemum. The tulip is another very popular flower. In Australia the tulip is in season from April until September or October.
Bright yellows, oranges and reds are often put together in baskets, bowls and bouquets. Green foliage such as Eucalyptus leaves is added to break up the color.
The most popular type of flower arrangement is the bouquet. They are hand-held and less expensive than arrangements in baskets and bowls. There can be a variety of flowers in a bouquet or just one type of flower.
Australians usually send flowers for special occasions, such as, the birth of a baby, weddings, birthdays, and funerals. Australia has a special day called “Daffodil Day” on the 1st of September. On this day it is a tradition to buy a bunch of daffodils as a sign of respect for cancer sufferers. All proceeds from sales that day go towards cancer research
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
bouquet букет
vibrant (зд.) броский, яркий
lily лилия
iris ирис
chrysanthemum [krι'sænθәmәm] хризантема
tulip тюльпан
foliage листва
wedding свадьба
funeral похороны
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bunch букет
respect уважение
cancer рак
sufferer пострадавший
proceeds доход
combine 1) объединять(ся) 2) комбинировать, сочетать(ся),смешивать(ся)
bowl ваза для цветов
eucalyptus [ ֽju:kә'lιptәs] n (pl –ses [-sιz], -ti) эвкалипт
arrangement расположение, аранжировка
occasion событие
research научное исследование, исследовательская работа
EXERCISES
Vocabulary Exercises
1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
bouquet,popular, chrysanthemum, Australia, foliage, arrangement, eucalyptus, expensive, occasion, vibrant, bunch, tulip, iris, lily, daffodil
2. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
to seem, the lilies are now being combined with old favourites like the Irish and Chrysanthemum, to put together in baskets, bowls and bouquets, green foliage, to break up the color, the type of flower arrangement, hand-held, a variety of flowers, for special occasions, a special day, to buy a bunch of daffodils, a sign of respect
3. Find in text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
зеленая листва, быть популярным, самый популярный вид аранжировки цветов, сделанный руками, в букете, посылать цветы по особому случаю, в этот день, букет нарциссов, доходы от продажи
4. Find in text synonyms to the following words and word combinations:
to mix, for special event, a token of respect, all returns, to break up the tint
5. Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:
pale flowers, cheap, to sell, to take away the leaves, a sign of insult
6. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:
1) I like to put together the beautiful flowers in …. 2) Yesterday my mother had her birthday. She got many bright and … flowers. 3) A … is a colourful flowers that is shaped like a cup. 4) A … is a large flower in the shape of a bell. 5) A … is a tall, usually purple, flower. 6) The leaves of a plant or tree are called ….7) A ceremony in which two people get married is called ….8) … is a tall yellow flower that grows in spring in our country. 9) She has worked hard to gain the … of her colleagues. 10) He died of lung …
Give a written translation of the text. Arrange a competition for the best
translation.
Grammar Exercises
1. Translate into Russian paying attention to the Tenses of the English Verb:
1) When I saw Ann, she was sorting the flowers which she had picked in the field. 2) People are planting tulips now. 3) I have bought a bouquet of lilies for my mother today. 4) When I went out into the garden, the sun was shining and birds were singing in the trees. 5) They grew all their own vegetables. 6) I have planted a small apple tree in the garden. 7) I will pour water on plants in order to keep them healthy tomorrow. 8) My father has been planting lilies for two hours. 9) We have brought a lot of flowers from the wood. Now we will make bouquets.
2. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the Tenses of the English Verb:
1) - Что ты делаешь? – Сажаю цветы. 2) Когда он пришел домой, цветы уже посадили. 3) Моя бабушка сажает цветы каждый день. 4) Она посадила цветы на прошлой неделе. 5) Ты уже посадила цветы? 6) Она сажает цветы уже 2 часа. 7) Когда я пришел домой, бабушка сажала цветы. 8) Я завтра посажу цветы.
Speech Exercises
1. Answer the questions to the text:
1) Do you have a favourite flower?
2) What kinds of flowers are popular in your country?
3) If you could create a bouquet of different flowers, which flowers would you
choose?
4) On which occasions do Australians give flowers? On which occasions do you
give flowers?
5) Do you have a special day like “Daffodil Day” in your country? If you could
create such a day, to whom would you give the proceeds?
Retell the text.
Section 2. Gardening
Text 6. The History of gardening and the Egyptian Gardens
The earliest evidence for ornamental gardens is seen in Egyptian tomb paintings of the 1500s BC; they depict lotus ponds surrounded by rows of acacias and palms. The other ancient gardening tradition is of Persia: Darius the Great was said to have had a “paradise garden” and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were renowned as a Wonder of the World. Persian influences extended to post-Alexander’s Greece: around 350 BC there were gardens at the Academy of Athens.
The most influential ancient gardens in the western world were the Ptolemy’s gardens at Alexandria.
In Europe, gardening revived in France in the 13th century. French parterres were developed at the end of the 16th century and reached high development under Andre le Notre. English landscape gardens opened a new perspective in the 18th century.
Egyptian Gardens
Gardens were much cherished in the Egyptian times and were kept for secular purposes. Gardens in private homes and villas before the New Kingdom were mostly used for growing vegetables and located close to a canal or the river. However, in the New Kingdom they were often surrounded by walls and their purpose incorporated pleasure and beauty besides utility. Garden produce played an important role in the foodstuff but flowers were used in garlands to wear at festive occasions and for medicinal purposes. While the poor kept a patch for growing vegetables, the rich people could afford gardens with vibrant trees and decorative pools with fish and waterfowl.
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The ancient Egyptian garden differs from a garden in our days. Flowers like the iris, chrysanthemum, lily and delphinium (blue), were certainly known to the ancients but do not feature much in garden scenes.
Due to the arid climate of Egypt, the tending gardens meant constant attention and depended on irrigation. Skilled gardeners were employed by temples and households. Duties included planting, weeding, watering the plants, pruning of fruit trees, digging the ground, harvesting the fruit.
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
evidence данные
ornamental декоративный
tomb гробница
Egyptian египетский
painting живопись, роспись
depict изображать, описывать
lotus лотос
pond пруд, водоем
acacia акация
paradise рай
Babylon Вавилон
renowned известный, знаменитый
Persian персидский, иранский
influence влияние, воздействие
extend простирать(ся), тянуть(ся)
post после-, по-
Greece Греция
Athens ['æθιnz] Афины
revive восстанавливать, возобновлять, приходить в себя
parterre [pa:'teә] цветник
cherish заботливо выращивать (растения)
secular [ 'sekjulә] мирской, светский (не церковный)
purpose намерение, цель
incorporate соединять(ся), объединять(ся)
besides кроме
utility выгода
produce изделие, продукция, продукт
foodstuffs продовольствие, продукты питания
garland венок, гирлянда
festive праздничный, веселый
medicinal лекарственный, лечебный
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patch заплата
afford позволить себе
vibrant (зд.) броский, яркий
waterfowl водоплавающие птицы
differ различаться, отличаться
lily лилия
iris ирис
chrysanthemum [krι'sænθәmәm] хризантема
delphinium дельфиниум, шпорник
feature изображать, обрисовывать
scene эпизод, сцена
arid сухой
tend ухаживать, заботиться
irrigation орошение
employ нанимать, предоставлять работу
temple храм
household (зд.) королевский двор
weed полоть
prune [pru:n] подрезать (деревья)
dig копать, выкапывать
harvest собирать урожай
skilled квалифицированный
EXERCISES
Vocabulary Exercises
1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
ornamental, lotus, acacia, cherish, garland, foodstuffs, medicinal, irrigation, weed, prune, dig, harvest
2. Find in text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
живопись египетских гробниц, окруженный акациями, античные традиции садоводства, «райский сад», чудо света, западный мир, лечебные цели, дельфиниум, сухой климат, подрезка деревьев, прополка, вскапывание земли, собирать урожай фруктов
3. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
the earliest evidence, to depict lotus ponds, growing vegetables, in garlands, at festive occasions, decorative pools, for medicinal purposes, Egyptian garden, due to the arid climate, skilled gardeners, planting, weeding, watering the plants, pruning of fruit trees, digging the ground, harvesting the fruit
4. Find in text synonyms to the following words and word combinations:
to represent, famous, the miracle, to reach to, horticulture, to achieve, intention, except, curative, to unite, profit, wages, the bright trees, dry, qualified
5. Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:
the gardens were destroyed, to separate pleasure and beauty, to put off, the poor people, with pale trees, at sad occasions, the humid climate
6. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:
1) Yesterday I saw many … by Picasso. 2) An area of water that is smaller than a lake is called a …. 3) Teachers have considerable … over what is taught in the classroom. 4) I asked if I could … my holiday. 5) She had fainted, but soon …. 6) The … of this dictionary is to help students of English. 7) We’ll … some of these ideas in the final report. 8) Did you talk to anyone … Joan? 9) A ring of flowers or leaves that you decorate something with is called a …. 10) Our approach … from theirs in different ways.
