Неопределенные местоимения

И относительные местоимения

Вопросительные

Вопросительные местоимения: who, whom, which, what	Относительные местоимения: who, whom, that, which, what
Используются в вопросах:	Используются для связи глав­ного и придаточного предложений
Who telephoned?	The woman who is standing near the window is a doctor.
What did you say? Which is your brother?	The door, which was bright red, was very conspicuous. Have you found the book that was missing?
Which— о вещах и о людях	Which/ that— о вещах
Which busgoes to the city cen-	Where is the tea that /which was
tre? Whichboy can lift this box?	in my cup?
	Who / that— о людях
	A baker is someone whomakes
	bread. The girl who/ thatlives
	in this house is my friend.
	Обратите внимание,
	что thatне может заменять
	who и whichв определительных
	придаточных extra information,
	отделяемых запятыми!
	Можноне использовать отно-
	сительные местоимения,если
	они — дополнения придаточ-
	ного предложения (между от-
	носительным местоимением и
	сказуемым есть подлежащее)
	The man (who/ that / whom)I
	wanted to see was away.
	The man whowanted to see me
	was downstairs.
Whoили whom?	Whoили whom?
В разговорном английском	Вразговорном английском
предпочтительно who.После	предпочтительно who.Обратите
предлога обязательно упот-	внимание, что перед
ребление whom.В специаль-	whomвозможен предлог, перед
ных вопросах используется	who— нет!
Whom или Who+ предлог в	The boy with whom Ifell in love
конце предложения.	was very eccentric. = The boy
	whoI fell in love with was very
	eccentric. = The boy I fell in
	love with was very eccentric
Which или what? Which — когда стоит пробле­ма выбора Which apple would you like? Which children were ready on lime?	Which, a не what! Bob is out, which makes it im­possible to see him right now. She failed her exam, which was a shock.
	Запомните выражения: • the day / the year / the time something happens или that something happens: I can remember the day (that) we got married. • the reason something happens или that / why something hap­pens: The reason (that / why) I have come to you is to have a talk.

some, any и их производные — someone/ somebody,

anyone / anybody, something, anything

Some и any сочетаются с ис­числяемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными.	Some boys don't dancing. There is some water on the floor.
Some и его производные ис­пользуется в утвердительных предложениях.	I have got something in my bag.
Any и его производные исполь­зуется в вопросительных и от­рицательных предложениях.	Have you got anything in your bag? I haven't got anything in my bag.
Some и его производные ис­пользуются в вопросительных предложениях — просьбах и предложениях.	Would you like some more cof­fee? Could I have some more fish, please?
Any и его производные ис­пользуется в утвердительных предложениях: • в значении любой, всякий • после if • со словами hardly, never, without, seldom, rarely.	You can take anything you want. If anyone asks for me, tell them. I have left. I hardly go anywhere these days.
someone / somebody, anyone / anybody — местоимения един­ственного числа, но часто со­гласуются со словами they / them / their	Someone has left theirbag here.

no и его производные: nothing, nobody/none

No сочетается с исчисляемы­ми и неисчисляемыми суще­ствительными.	No news is good news. There are no plates on the table.
No и его производные ис­пользуются с глаголом в ут­вердительной форме.	There is nothing we can do now. Nobody has come.
Nobody — местоимение един­ственного числа, но часто со­гласуется со словами they / them / their	Nobody phoned, did they?
Noи его производные = not + any / anything / anybody	They have got nocar. = They haven't got any can
None — самостоятельное ме­стоимение. Используйте его без существительного!	How much free time have you got? — I have got none.
Сочетание None of+существи	None of the cakes were OK.
тельное во множественном чис-
ле чаще согласуется с глаголом
во множественном числе.

one/ones

One / ones — слово-замени­тель исчисляемого существи­тельного во избежание по­вторения.	I like all your films but the first one(film) is the best. I don't' like my new trousers, Ilike my old ones.
One обозначает любого чело­века в предложениях, носящих обобщенный характер.	One should work hard. One must be very careful walk­ing in the dark.
The one — тот самый, един­ственный	Which woman? — The one at the table.

some of... /most of... /none of...

Some of... / most of... / none of... + the/ this/ that/ these/ those / my / her / Mary's	Some of the books I have read were Spanish. None of those books were translated. Most of my mother's books were boring.
Some of... / most of... / none of... + местоимение. Of здесь обязательно!	Do any of you like such mu­sic? — None of us. Some of us. Most of us.

all

All +.... (все...) и everybody (каждый)	Everybody (каждый) has co­me. — All (of) my friends(все мои друзья) have come.
Аll +.... и everything	He does everything (all) he can. He knows everything. He knows all about it / all that happened yesterday / all you need.
Все, что я видел / знаю / слы­шал....в значении единствен­ное, что я...	All I have seen is his shadow. All we have eaten was a sand­wich.
Запомните выражения: Weall = all of us You all = all of you They all = all of them	Youmust allremember it. = All of you must remember it. They all live here. = All of them live here.
После allнельзя использовать of + существительное! После allможно использовать of + the / this / that / these / those / my / her / Mary's. All + местоимение. Of здесь обязательно!	All frogs are reptiles. All (of) my frogs live in this gar­den pond. All (of) the frogs are red. Don't touch my frogs! All of them are poisonous!

both /both of, neither/neither of, either / either of

Both / both of, neither / neither of, either / either of использу­ются, когда мы говорим о двух предметах или лицах. Мож­но использовать both, neither, either без существительного.	Both girls are witty, (обе де­вочки) Neither girl is witty, (ни одна из девочек) You can talk to either girl. (любая из двух девочек) Would you like an apple or a peach? — Both, (и то и другое) Neither, (ни то, ни другое) Ei­ther, (либо то, либо другое)
Both shops = both of the shops, neither shop = neither of the shops, either shop = either of the shops Обратите внимание на the и множественное чис­ло существительного!	Both my brothers are out now. = Both of my brothers are out now. But neither brother is at work. = But neither of my brothers is (are) ay work.
После neither of... возможен глагол в единственном и во множественном числе.
После both + существитель­ное необязательно использо­вать of!	Both my friends are French. = Both of my friends are French.
Both of, neither of, either of + местоимение (us /you / them). Обязательно используйте of!	Both of them were exhausted.
Both... and... /neither... nor... / either... or... Обратите внимание на единственное число глагола после neither... nor.../ either... or...!	Both Tom and Bill aremy cousins. Neither Tom nor Bill is my brother. Either Tom or Bill is coming soon.

neither / either / both (два лица или предмета)	any / none / all (больше чем два лица или предмета)
There are two good Chinese res­taurants in my town. You can en­joy your meals at either of them (любом из них). But both of them (они оба) are always full. Neither of them (ни один из них) is cheap.	There are many good Chinese restaurants in my town. You can enjoy your meals at any of them (любом из них). But all of them (все одни) are always full. None of them (ни один из них) is cheap.